purp com midterm lesson 2

Question 1

Effective persuasion demands formulating arguments along three types of appeals, also called

Answer 1

Rhetorical Triangle

Question 2

three kinds of persuasive appeals that ancient rhetorician name

Answer 2

logos (logical appeal)
pathos (emotional appeal)
ethos (appeal to credibility of the person conveying the message).

Question 3

information, argument reasons, evidence, date, structure

Answer 3

message

Question 4

Beliefs, values
Knowledge, experience

Answer 4

Audience

Question 5

Ethos, (credibility, authority
Correctness, appearance, eloquence

Answer 5

Communicator

Question 6

aims to convince the reader of the author’s point.

Answer 6

Writing persuasive essay

Question 7

refers primarily to the internal consistency and clarity of the message and to the logic of its reasons and support

Answer 7

Logos (Appeal to logic or reason)

Question 8

often associated with “empathy”, that is , how you can vicariously make your audience feel the way you feel.

Answer 8

pathos(Appeal to emotion)

Question 9

pertains to the way you establish trust in your audience-how you portray yourself as an authority

Answer 9

Ethos(Appeal to credibility)

Question 10

in general term is an error in reasoning.

Answer 10

Fallacies

Question 11

We all have committed using fallacies that are “deceptive or wrong arguments” (Espiritu, 2014)

Answer 11

To avoid using fallacies, is to learn good reasoning which includes understanding bad reasoning (Espiritu, 2014)

Question 12

Some fallacies :

Answer 12

Argumentum against the person
Argument that goes in circle
Non sequitor or “It does not follow”
Argument that uses flattery or praise
Argument that appeals to force or threat
Hasty generalization
Argument from ignorance
Bandwagon argument
Appeal to pity
Fallacy of division
Appeal unqualified (or inappropriate authority)
Red herring
What is new is good

Question 13

The arguer evades the real conclusion in new words, making the reasoning circular.

Answer 13

Argument that goes in circle

Question 13

The arguer draws a conclusion not supported by the premises or fails to include assumptions that establish connections between ideas.

Answer 13

Non sequitor or “It does not follow”

Question 13

the arguer directs his attack on the character

Answer 13

Argumentum against the person

Question 14

we use praise to get what we want, to make other agree with us, or to seek approval of our arguments.

Answer 14

Argument that uses flattery or praise

Question 15

One uses force or threat instead of reason. The threat may be physical or psychological.

Answer 15

Argument that appeals to force or threat

Question 16

The arguer makes a conclusion based on a few instances or even from one single instance onlh.

Answer 16

Hasty generalization

Question 17

This is arguing that because an arguer cannot prove the argument to be false; therefore, it is true.

Answer 17

Argument from ignorance

Question 18

The argument appeals to the beliefs or prejudices of the crowd or masses. It justifies that “might is right” and “many people cannot be wrong”. This is widely used in advertisements and political campaigns.

Answer 18

Bandwagon argument

Question 19

e resort to evoking pity or sympathy by pointing or referring to an unfortunate circumstance that has befallen us.

Answer 19

Appeal to pity

Question 20

We argue that what is true of a whole or class is true to every member

Answer 20

Fallacy of division

Question 21

when we cite the opinion or judgement of someone who commands respect and reverence but who is not a recognized authority on the subjec to who is prejudiced in some way.

Answer 21

Appeal unqualified (or inappropriate authority)

Question 22

he arguer introduces an unrelated or irrelevant matter to draw the argument away from the real issue.

Answer 22

Red herring

Question 22

The arguer contends or makes a case on the belief that what is new is good.

Answer 22

What is new is good