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BUHAY DENTISTA > prelim lesson 3 > Flashcards

prelim lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Nathansohn proposes the mosaic model: Membrane is a mosaic with lipid areas and areas with semipermeable gel, which would allow water

A

1904

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2
Q

Overton develops concept of a lipid membrane. (Flaw: Lack of explanation for high permeability of water.) Also proposed idea of
active transport requiring energy.

A

1895-1899

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3
Q

:Davson-Danielli model proposes that the phospholipid bilayer is surrounded by protein layers on either side.

A

1935

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4
Q

Singer-Nicholson’s Fluid Mosaic Model: Membrane is a fluid structure with a “mosaic” of proteins embedded in or attached to the phospholipid bilayer.

A

1972

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5
Q
  • Semipermeable
  • Permeable to water, gases, nonpolar substances
  • More permeable to K+ rather than Na+
A

CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMALEMMA)

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6
Q

Enveloped delimiting the cell from the surroundings

A

CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMALEMMA)

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7
Q

Protects the cell (Guardian of the cell)

A

CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMALEMMA)

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8
Q

Regulates movement of substances in/out of the cell
* Attachment for cytoskeleton

A

CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMALEMMA)

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9
Q

Receives and sends out stimuli
* Provide binding sites and receptors
* Allow cell to cell recognition

A

CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMALEMMA)

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10
Q

FACTORS THAT DETERMINE PERMEABILITY OF THE CELL
MEMBRANE:

A
  • Temperature
  • Type of solutes present
  • Level of cell hydration
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11
Q
  • 8-10nm thick (Not seen in LM)
  • Trilaminar structure
A

CELL MEMBRANE
(PLASMALEMMA)

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12
Q

Mainly made up of
phospholipids and protein
molecules

A

CELL MEMBRANE
(PLASMALEMMA)

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13
Q
  • 1⁄2 the mass of the cell membrane
A

Protein molecules

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14
Q
  • Perform in transport of substances across the membrane
A

Protein molecules

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15
Q

span the whole thickness

A

Integral proteins (Transmembrane proteins):

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16
Q

Tight attachment using hydrophobic interactions

A

Integral proteins (Transmembrane proteins):

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17
Q

at the outer or inner surface (leaflets)

A

Peripheral proteins:

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18
Q

Has loose attachment using electrostatic interactions

A

Peripheral proteins:

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19
Q

Found in irregular spaces between phospholipid molecules

A

Cholesterol molecules

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20
Q

Confers membrane fluidity and permeability to water-soluble
substances

  • Membrane buBer
A

Cholesterol molecules

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21
Q

Present in some cells

A

Glycocalyx

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22
Q

Loose carbohydrate coat of
the cell surface Thin layer of
amorphous electron-dense
material on cell surface

A

Glycocalyx

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23
Q
  • Glycolipids + glycoproteins
A

Glycocalyx

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24
Q
  • Cell-to-cell
    recognition
  • Cell-to-cell
    adhesion
  • Immunological
    response
A

Glycocalyx

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25
Q

Trilaminar entity that comprises the cell membrane and makes
up or envelopes all the other membrane-containing structures
in the cell

A

UNIT MEMBRANE

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26
Q

Variation in thickness is due to protein content

A

UNIT MEMBRANE

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27
Q
  • Disk-shaped
  • For tight intracellular adhesion
A

Macula Adherens (Desmosomes)

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28
Q
  • Ring-shaped
A

Zonula adherens

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29
Q

Increases surface area for contact

A

Zonula adherens

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30
Q

Equivalent in cardiomyocytes is Fascia adherens

A

Zonula adherens

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31
Q

Stratum basale/germinativum is separated from the dermis by the basement membrane (basal lamina) and attached to the basement membrane by the

A

hemidesmosomes

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32
Q
  • Barrier to movement of proteins across membranes
A

Zonula Occludens

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33
Q

Divides cell into apical and basolateral side

A

Zonula Occludens

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34
Q

Bridge for sharing of small molecules between cells

A

Gap junctions

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35
Q

Enclosed in a cell membrane

A

CYTOPLASM

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36
Q
  • Homogenous substance
  • Viscid, translucent, and colloidal
  • Water is 70% or more by volume
A

Cytoplasmic matrix

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37
Q

Permanent structures

A

Organelles`

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38
Q

Perform certain specific functions within a cell

A

Organelles

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39
Q

Temporary fixtures
* Accumulation of pigments, lipids, etc

A

Inclusions

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40
Q

Form the cytoskeleton or supporting framework

A

Fibrillar structures

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41
Q

Increasing in cytoplasmic matrix viscosity = increase in fibrillar elements

A

Fibrillar structures

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42
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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43
Q

Aggregate in areas where energy is needed

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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44
Q

delimits
mitochondrion from cytoplasmic
matrix. Freely permeable to most
molecules

A

Outer membrane/leaflet:

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45
Q

infolded to form
shelf-like tubular structures

A

Inner membrane:

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46
Q

Increase surface area

A

Cristae

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47
Q

Space between outer and inner
leaflets

A

Intermembranous space

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48
Q

which extends into cristae as

A

intracristal spaces

49
Q

Granules rich in magnesium and
calcium

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

50
Q

Messenger and transfer RNAs

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

51
Q

cluster of ribosomes connected by mRNA; actively translating the mRNA; this only happens in prokaryotes

A

Polyribosomes/polysomes

52
Q
  • Free in the cytoplasm
53
Q
  • Attached to the surface of the ER
54
Q

__ is the large ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes, while ___ is the large ribosomal subunit in eukaryotes

55
Q

__prokaryotes is the small ribosomal unit in prokaryotes while __ is the small ribosomal subunit in - eukaryotes

56
Q

enzyme
for peptide bond formation

A

Peptidyl synthetase

57
Q

Most extensive membranous
structure

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

58
Q

Consists of interconnecting
tubules, vesicles, and flattened
sacs (cisternae)

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

59
Q

Supporting structure for the
cytoplasm

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

60
Q

Present in all cells but seen only
in EM and special preparations

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

61
Q
  • Thinner than plasmalemma
62
Q
  • capable of remodeling, disassembly and assembly
A

Dynamic organelle

63
Q

Synthesis and transport of most membrane- bound proteins

A

RER (rough)

64
Q
  • Proteins transferred to Golgi Complex through transfer vesicles
A

RER (rough)

65
Q

Lipid synthesis (phospholipids, cholesterol, steroids)

A

SER (smooth)

66
Q

Semi circularly stacked layers of membrane-bound, flattened tubes

A

GOLGI COMPLEX/ APPARATUS/ BODY

67
Q

rounded dilatations of cisternae filled with fluid

68
Q

forming face

69
Q

maturing face

A

Trans face

70
Q

Membrane bound Chemical-containing pouches

71
Q

With hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases) from Golgi

72
Q

Digestion of particulate material (bacteria, dead and senescent
[dying] cells) from environment by phagocytosis

A

Heterophagy

73
Q

By neutrophils and macrophages (aka phagocytes)

A

Phagocytosis

74
Q

Digestion of unneeded/senescent cell organelles

75
Q

they contain oxidases and catalases

A

PEROXISOMES

76
Q

by removing hydrogen atoms that are
transferred to molecular oxygen, producing H2O2

77
Q

immediately breakdown H2O2- potentially damaging to
cell

78
Q

Usually near the nucleus,
surrounded by Golgi

A

CENTROSOME

79
Q

minute, short,
cylindrical bodies surrounded
by granular structures
(centriolar satellites)

A

Centrioles

80
Q

Determine the shapes of cell

A

CYTOSKELETON

81
Q
  • Solid in cross-section
  • Not easily assembled and disassembled
A

Intermediate filaments

82
Q
  • Can be assembled and disassembled easily
A

Microfilaments

83
Q
  • Involved in cell membrane activities (exocytosis and endocytosis)
  • Associated with movement of organelles
A

Microfilaments

84
Q
  • Assembled in the centrosome
  • Movement of organelles
A

Microtubules

85
Q
  • Internal support of the cell
  • Forms wall of centrioles, axoneme
A

Microtubules

86
Q
  • Surrounded by microtubule- associated proteins (MAPs)
A

Microtubules

87
Q

main cell type in epidermis; primarily for protection of epithelial cells

88
Q

characteristic of muscle cells; often at smooth muscles; forms bundles in smooth muscles; seen around

89
Q

differentiated from mesenchyme

90
Q

characteristic of nerve cells; at cell body and neuron processes (extensions);

A

Neurofilaments

91
Q
  • integral support of neuroglial cells
A

Glial filaments

92
Q

store lipid

A

Adipocytes

93
Q
  • Can be fixed by gulatraldehyde and osmic acid
A

Fat droplets (lipid droplets)

94
Q

Storage form of carbohydrates

A

Glycogen (glycogen granules)

95
Q

Abundant in liver and muscle cells

A

Glycogen (glycogen granules)

96
Q

Two sizes of glycogen
* Large (__) particles: 90nm
* Small (__) particles: 20-30 nm

A

alpha; beta

97
Q

formed by melanocytes

98
Q

Also in nerve cells of substantia nigra, locus coeruleus in the brain, and
pigment epithelium of the retina

99
Q

Distinguished by iron stain: Prussian blue

A

Hemosiderin

100
Q
  • Iron-containing pigment
  • Brown pigment responsible of RBCs color
A

Hemosiderin

101
Q

Form of granules in cells such as those in spleen that phagocytose
senescent RBCs

A

Hemosiderin

102
Q

Aka “secretory granules”

Characteristic of secretory epithelial cells

A

Zymogen Granules

103
Q

At interstitial cells of Leydig (for testosterone production) and Sertoli cells of testes

104
Q

Numerous in cytoplasm of phagocytes of lungs (pulmonary alveolar
macrophages; dust cells)

A

Dust Particles

105
Q
  • Common among smokers and city dwellers
  • Brown to black structures
A

Dust Particles

106
Q

Separated from cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope

107
Q

Largest organelle in the cell

108
Q

Filled with a homogenous substance (nuclear matrix)

109
Q

genes in its chromosomes contain information needed for synthesis of all proteins and nucleic acids

A

Data bank of the cell-

110
Q

Command center of the cell

111
Q

(Largest structure with the cell)

A

Nuclear envelope/membrane

112
Q

thin film of proteins from nuclear pore complex that covers
the nuclear pore

A

Pore diaphragm =

113
Q

expressed genes; in the
process of producing mRNAs and tRNAs

114
Q

areas–condensed because of histones;
“heterochromatin”, not expressed

115
Q

Inside the nucleus
Present at interphase ONLY

A

Nucleoli (Nucleolus)

116
Q

Where chromosomes with nucleolar organizers (gene sequence for rRNA) gather

A

Nucleolar organizing region

117
Q

Electron-dense filaments

A

Pars fibrosa

118
Q

Circular pale area surrounded by pars fibrosa

A

Nucleolar organizing region

BUHAY DENTISTA (37 decks)

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