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BUHAY DENTISTA > prelim genetics lesson 1 fundamental > Flashcards

prelim genetics lesson 1 fundamental Flashcards

1
Q

is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

A

Cell

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2
Q

It is the smallest unit of life and can replicate independently.

A

CELL

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3
Q

The study of cell is called

A

Cell Biology

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4
Q

cell vary from individual “single cell” organisms (____) to “multicellular” structures (tissues, organs) and organisms (____).

A

bacteria; animals and plants

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5
Q

Cell was discovered by __

A

Robert Hooke in 1665

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6
Q

The discovery of the cell was made possible through the invention of the microscope

A

1590, Hans and Zacharias Janssen

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7
Q

He first observed the cell in
thin slices of bottle cork.

A

Robert Hooke

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8
Q

Hooke discovered many tiny pores that he named “cells”. This came from the Latin word “__”.

A

Cella

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9
Q

He described the cells as tiny boxes or a honeycomb. He thought that cells only existed in plants and
fungi.

A

Robert Hooke

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10
Q

Robert Hooke, Drawing of the structure of cork by Robert Hooke that appeared in book “__”

A

Micrographia

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11
Q

Used a handmade microscope to observe pond scum and discovered
single-celled organisms. He called them “____”.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673), animalcules

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12
Q

He also observed blood cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs and humans. This is probably due to the widely accepted, traditional belief in ___

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673),Spontaneous Generation

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13
Q

In 19th century; many doubted Spontaneous Generation and this was disproved by

A

Louis Pasteur

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14
Q

German Botanist,
_____, concluded that all plant
parts are made of cells.

A

1838, Matthias Schleiden

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15
Q

German physiologist, _____ who was a close friend of
Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

A

1839, Theodor Schwann

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16
Q

German physician, after extensive study of
cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells.

A

1858, Rudolf Virchow

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17
Q

3 CLASSIC CELL THEORY

A

*All organisms are composed of one or more cells .

  • Cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.

*All cells are produced by the division of preexisting
cells.

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18
Q

4 Modern Cell Theory:

A
  • The cell contains hereditary information (DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.
  • All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.
  • All basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out inside the cells (movement, digestion etc) .
  • Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular
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19
Q

Basic morphologic and functional unit of all living things

A

cell

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20
Q

First step in cell reproduction:

A

DNA replication

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21
Q

Capable of independent existence (under favorable environmental conditions)

A

cell

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22
Q

Combination of cells with the same general function

A

tissue

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23
Q

Combination of tissues that form a more complex functional

A

ORGAN

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24
Q

Group of organs that have interrelated functions

A

ORGAN SYSTEM

25
Q

Approximate number of human cells

A

30 trillion

25
Q

MOST ABUNDANT TYPE OF CELL IN THE BODY

A

80% are RBCs (red blood cell)

26
Q

Approximate number of neurons (actual value closer to 86 billion)

A

100 billion

26
Q

Approximate number of glial (supporting) cells

A

1 trillion

27
Q

PROKARYOTES (PRO- ____ , KARYON- ___)

A

FIRST FORMED;NUCLEUS

28
Q

organism that lacks a membrane bound nucleus (karyon),

A

single celled

29
Q

Cell division occurs mainly by

A

binary fission

30
Q

were the first form of life on Earth.

A

Prokaryotic cells

31
Q

They are simpler and smaller
than Eukaryotic cells.

A

Prokaryotic cells

32
Q

multicellular organism that have specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, a membrane bound nucleus enclosing genetic material organized into chromosomes. Their cell division occurs by __ and ___.

A

EUKARYOTES; mitosis and meiosis

33
Q

EUKARYOTES (EU-___, KARYON-___)

A

TRUE; NUCLEUS

34
Q

These cells are larger than a typical prokaryote

A

EUKARYOTES

35
Q

70 S ribosome is found. (subunit : 50S
and 30S)

A

Prokaryotic

35
Q

Nucleolous present

A

Eukaryotic

36
Q

80S ribosome is found. (subunit :
60 S and 40S)

A

Eukaryotic

37
Q

cell wall of Peptidoglycan

A

Prokaryotic

38
Q

Absence of Peptidoglycan

A

Eukaryotic

39
Q

Pseudopodia absent

A

Prokaryotic

40
Q

Pseudopodia Present in some

A

Eukaryotic

41
Q

Made up of polysaccharide or polypeptide

42
Q

Evasion of phagocytosis, adherence and attachment, resistance to desiccation

43
Q

Gives shape and resistance to lysis by osmotic shock

44
Q

Made up of peptidoglycan

45
Q

ENDOTOXIN (Gram (-) bacteria)

46
Q

Maintains cell integrity; regulates transport,
specialized function (respiration, photosynthesis, protein
secretion)

A

CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE

47
Q

Hair-like structures on cell

48
Q

-pilin (protein)

49
Q

bacterial mating in conjugation,
twitching motility,

50
Q

-flagellin (protein), motility, chemotaxis, run and tumble
movement (undulating)

51
Q

Viscous aqueous suspension of protein,

52
Q
  • Protein synthesis
  • 70s made up of 50s and 30s subunits (Svedberg)
53
Q

Nuclear area or nucleoid

54
Q

Survival during conditions of desiccation, nutrient depletion and waste build-up

55
Q
  • Single DNA molecule
  • Circular chromosome

BUHAY DENTISTA (37 decks)

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