MOVEMENT COMPETENCY QUIZ 1 Flashcards
consists of all the muscles of the body. These make up approximately _% of total body weight, and The fibers are different lengths and vary in color from white to deep red.
muscular system, 42
contains more than _ muscles that work together to enable the full functioning of the body.
muscular system, 600
body has 3 types of muscle tissue that perform different functions:
Cardiac muscle cell
skeletal muscle cell
smooth muscle cell
is involuntary muscle that is found only in the heart.
Cardiac muscle
____ or ____ are striated like skeletal muscles, but are smaller and shorter.
Cardiac muscle, myocardium
They are stimulated to contract by electrical impulses sent out from small clumps of specialized tissue in the heart
Cardiac muscle
move the external parts of the body and the limbs. They cover the bones and give the body its shape.
Skeletal muscles
only pull in one direction, they work in pairs. When one muscle in the pair contracts, the other expands, and this facilitates movement.
skeletal muscles
Provides movement of internal organs.
smooth muscles
Smooth muscle lines most hollow organs of the body, such as the __
intestines, stomach, and uterus.
They help move substances through tubular areas such as blood vessels and the small intestines, contracting automatically and rhythmically.
smooth muscles
Smooth muscle, also called __, is a muscle that shows no cross stripes under microscopic magnification.
involuntary muscle
It consists of narrow spindle-shaped cells with a single, centrally located nucleus.
smooth muscle tissue
A prominent muscle in the upper arm with two heads (short and long). It primarily functions to flex the elbow and supinate the forearm, enabling actions like lifting and turning the palm upward.
Biceps Brachii
A long, flat muscle that extends vertically along the front of the abdomen. It is crucial for flexing the spine, maintaining posture, and stabilizing the pelvis, often referred to as the “abs.”
Rectus Abdominis
The longest muscle in the human body, it runs diagonally from the hip to the knee. It assists in flexing, abducting, and laterally rotating the thigh at the hip, as well as flexing the knee.
Sartorius
Located in the front compartment of the lower leg, this muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion (lifting the foot upward) and inversion (turning the sole of the foot inward) at the ankle joint.
Tibialis Anterior
A flat, broad muscle located beneath the gastrocnemius in the calf. It primarily aids in plantarflexion (pointing the toes) at the ankle, especially during activities like walking and running.
Soleus
This muscle runs from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. It allows for rotation and flexion of the head and neck, helping with movements like turning the head side to side.
Sternocleidomastoid (Mastoid)
A thick, fan-shaped muscle in the chest that facilitates shoulder flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm. It plays a key role in movements like pushing and lifting
Pectoralis Major
These muscles are located on the sides of the abdomen. They help in trunk rotation, lateral flexion, and stabilization of the core, contributing to movements like twisting and bending at the waist.
Obliques (External and Internal):
One of the four quadriceps muscles, it runs down the front of the thigh. It functions to extend the knee and flex the hip, playing a critical role in activities such as running and jumping.
Rectus Femoris
The larger of the two calf muscles, it has two heads and contributes to plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle. It also aids in flexing the knee, making it important for jumping and running.
Gastrocnemius:
A large, flat muscle covering the lower back. It plays a key role in extending, adducting, and medially rotating the arm, contributing to movements like pulling and lifting.
Latissimus Dorsi
Located on the outer surface of the pelvis, this muscle primarily functions to abduct the hip and stabilize the pelvis during walking or running, preventing hip drop on the opposite side
Gluteus Medius
The largest muscle in the gluteal region, it is responsible for hip extension, external rotation, and abduction. It plays a significant role in powerful movements like climbing, running, and jumping.
Gluteus Maximus
A large, triangular muscle extending from the back of the neck down the spine and across the shoulder. It helps in moving, rotating, and stabilizing the shoulder blade, as well as extending the neck.
Trapezius:
A rounded shoulder muscle consisting of three distinct fibers (anterior, lateral, and posterior). It is responsible for arm abduction, flexion, and extension, playing a key role in shoulder movements.
Deltoid
A three-headed muscle located on the back of the upper arm. It is the primary extensor of the elbow, responsible for straightening the arm.
Triceps Brachii:
A group of three muscles (_____,__,__) located at the back of the thigh. They are involved in knee flexion and hip extension, playing a vital role in activities like running and jumping.
Hamstrings, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus
The thick band of tissue connecting the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone (calcaneus). It is essential for walking, running, and jumping by allowing plantarflexion of the foot.
Achilles Tendon
Eleven main functions of the muscular
Mobility
Stability
Circulation
Respiration
Digestion
Urination
Childbirth
Vision
Organ protection
Temperature regulation
The muscular system’s main function is to allow movement. When muscles contract, they contribute to gross and fine movement.
mobility
refers to large, coordinated motions and includes:
1.
2.
3.
Gross movement , walking
running, swimming
involves smaller movements, such as:
1.
2.
3.
Fine movement, writing
speaking, facial expressions
stretch over joints and contribute to joint stability. Muscle tendons in the knee joint and the shoulder joint are crucial in stabilizat
stability/ Muscle tendons
are those in the abdomen, back, and pelvis, and they also stabilize the body and assist in tasks, such as lifting weights.
core muscles
Skeletal muscles help keep the body in the correct position when someone is sitting or standing.
Posture
leads to joint and muscle pain in the shoulders, back, neck, and elsewhere.
bad posture
relies on strong, flexible muscles. Stiff, weak, or tight muscles contribute to poor posture and misalignment of the body.
good posture
is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body.
heart
The heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. The heart’s movement is outside of conscious control, and it contracts automatically when stimulated by electrical signals.
circulation
involves the use of the diaphragm muscle.
Breathing
is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs.
diaphragm
Breathing involves the use of the diaphragm muscle.
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts, it pushes downward, causing the chest cavity to get bigger. The lungs then fill with air. When the diaphragm muscle relaxes, it pushes air out of the lungs.
respiration
When someone wants to breathe more deeply, it requires help from other muscles, including those in the abdomen, back, and neck.
respiration
stretches from the mouth to the anus.
gastrointestinal track
Food moves through the digestive system with a wave-like motion called
peristalsis
mooth muscles in the gastrointestinal or GI tract control digestion. The GI tract stretches from the mouth to the anus.
Food moves through the digestive system with a wave-like motion called peristalsis. Muscles in the walls of the hollow organs contract and relax to cause this movement, which pushes food through the esophagus into the stomach.
The upper muscle in the stomach relaxes to allow food to enter, while the lower muscles mix food particles with stomach acid and enzymes.
The digested food moves from the stomach to the intestines by peristalsis. From here, more muscles contract to pass the food out of the body as stool.
digestion
The __ comprises both smooth and skeletal muscles, including those in the:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
urinary system
bladder
kidneys
penis or vagina
prostate
ureters
Urethra
The muscles and nerves must work together to hold and release urine from the bladder.
Urinary problems, such as poor bladder control or retention of urine, are caused by damage to the nerves that carry signals to the muscles.
urination
Smooth muscles in the uterus expand and contract during childbirth. These movements push the baby through the vagina. Also, the pelvic floor muscles help to guide the baby’s head down the birth canal.
Childbirth
Six skeletal muscles around the eye control its movements.These muscles work quickly and precisely, and allow the eye to:
- maintain a stable image
- scan the surrounding area
- track moving objects
Vision
- maintain a stable image
- scan the surrounding area
- track moving objects
Muscles in the torso protect the internal organs at the front, sides, and back of the body. The bones of the spine and the ribs provide further protection. Muscles also protect the bones and organs by absorbing shock and reducing friction in the joints.
organ protection
Almost __ percent of the heat a person generates in their body comes from contracting muscles.
85
Maintaining normal body temperature is an important function of the muscular system. Almost 85 percent of the heat a person generates in their body comes from contracting muscles.
When body heat falls below optimal levels, the skeletal muscles increase their activity to make heat. Shivering is one example of this mechanism. Muscles in the blood vessels also contract to maintain body heat.
Body temperature can be brought back within normal range through the relaxation of smooth muscle in the blood vessels. This action increases blood flow and releases excess heat through the skin.
temperature regulation
are composed of long, slender cells known as
fibers
