anaphy intro Flashcards
means to dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the body for study.
anatomy
study of the organization of the
body by areas.
regional anatomy
study of the body by systems
systemic anatomy
is the scientific discipline that deals
with the processes or functions of living things
Physiology
2 goals of physiologys
1) examine body’s responses to stimuli
(2) examine the body’s maintenance of stable internal conditions aka homeostasis
standing erect, with the upper
limbs by the sides and the face
and palms of the hands directed
forward.
ANATOMICAL POSITION
separates the body or a structure
into right and left halves passing
anteriorly to posteriorly.
Sagittal
Plane
s a sagittal plane that passes
through the midline of the body,
dividing it into equal right and left
halves
Mid-sagittal or Median Plane
plane does not pass through the
midline but instead divides the
body or an organ into unequal
right and left sides
Parasagittal
plane
runs parallel to the ground, dividing
the body into superior and inferior
portions
Transverse
(Horizontal) Plane
divides the body into front (anterior)
and back (posterior) halves.
Frontal (Coronal)
Plane
passes through the body or an organ
at an oblique angle
Oblique plane
a cut of the body or one of its organs made along one of
the planes just described.
Section
toward the head ir the upper part of a structure
superior
away from the head, or or the lower part of the structure
inferior
nearer to or the front of the body
anteriori
nearer to or at the back of the body
posteriori
nearer to the midline
medial
farther from the midline
lateral
between to structures
intermidiate
on the same side of the body as another structure
ipsilateral
on the opposite sde of the body from another structure
contralateral
nearer to the attehment of a limb to the trunk
proximal
farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunt
distal
toward or on the surface of the body
superficial
away from the surface of the body
deep
two flexor surfaces
come in approximation and
angle of the joint is reduced
tension
approximation
of extensor surfaces
whereby angle of joint
increase
extension
movement away
from the median plane moving
away upper limb from trunk
abduction
movement
towards the median plane,
moving upper limb towards the
trunk
adduction
denotes
movement towards median
plane or inward rotation, medial
rotation of arm at shoulder joint
medial rotation
denotes
rotation away from the median
plane or outward rotation, lateral
rotation of arm at shoulder level
lateral rotation
It is the medial
rotation of forearm so that
palm comes to face
backwards
pronation
It is lateral
rotation of forearm so that
palm comes to face
anteriorly
supination
It is a
combination of
abduction, medial
rotation and flexion
opposition
There are two
internal body cavities:
dorsal body cavity
ventral body cavity
DORSAL BODY CAVITY
Cranial cavity
Vertebral canal
contains brain
contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves.
VENTRAL BODY CAVITY
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
contains pleural and pericardial
cavities
Subdivided into abdominal
A potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a
lung.
pleural
A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds
the heart.
pericardial
Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs;
mediastum
Contains stomach, spleen,
liver, gallbladder, small
intestine, and most of large
intestine
abdominal
Contains urinary bladder,
portions of large intestine
pelvic
Organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are
viscera
is a thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions, or connects structures.
membrane
slippery, double-layered membrane associated with body cavities that does
not open directly to the exterior c
serous membrane
a thin epithelium that lines the walls of the cavities
parietal layer
a thin epithelium that covers and adheres to the viscera within the cavities.
Visceral Layer
between the two layers is a potential space that contains a small amount of lubricating fluid
(serous fluid).
serous fluid
Serous membrane of the pleural cavities
pleura
Serous membrane of the pericardial cavity
pericardium
Serous mem brane of the abdominal cavity.
peritoneum
Abdominal organs not surrounded by the peritoneum and are located posteriorly.
Retroperitoneal
The human body consists
of six levels of structural
organization:
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ,
system, and organismal.
is the
highest level of
organization considered
in anatomy/physiology
Organism level
encloses internal body strutures
integumentary system
site of many sensory receptors
integumentary system
supports the body
skeletal system
enables movement with skeletal system
muscular system
helps maintain body temperature
muscular system
detecs and process sensory
nervous system
activates bodily responses
nervous system
delivers gametes to female
male reporductive system
support embryo/fetus until birth
female reproductive system
produces milk for infant
female reproductive system
processes food fro use by the body
digestive system
removes wastes from undigested food
digestive system
conrtols water balance
urinary system
removes wastes from blood
urinary system
returns fluid to blood
lymphatic system
defends against pathogens
lymphatic system
removes carbon dioxide from the body
respiratory system
delivers oxygen to blood
respiratory system
secrets hormones
endocrine system
regulated bodily processes
endocrine system
