Aldehydes & Ketones lesson 3 midterm org chem Flashcards
is a carbonyl
group bonded to a hydrogen atom.
aldehyde
the simplest aldehyde
formaldehyde
the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 hydrogens
formaldehyde
is a carbonyl group
bonded to 2 carbon groups.
ketone
A carbon atom adjacent to a carbonyl group
is called an
a-carbon,
a hydrogen
atom bonded to it is called an
a-hydrogen.
change the
suffix -e of the parent alkane to -al
aldehyde
unsaturated aldehydes, indicate the presence of a
carbon-carbon double bond by changing the ending
of the parent alkane from -ane to
enal
Indicate the presence of the carbonyl group by
changing the -ane of the parent alkane -one.
Ketones
Indicate an -OH substituent by __-, and an -
NH2 substituent by __-
hydroxy, amino
aldehyde priority is higher than ketone
aldehyde priority is higher than ketone
derived from
the common name of the corresponding carboxylic
acid; drop the word “acid” and change the suffix -ic
or -oic to -aldehyd
aldehyde
have lower boiling
points than alcohols and carboxylic acids,
compounds in which there is hydrogen bonding
between molecules.
Aldehydes and ketones
are oxidized to carboxylic acids by a
variety of oxidizing agents, including potassium
dichromate.
Aldehydes
are so sensitive to oxidation by O2
of the air that they must be protected from contact
with air during storage
Liquid aldehydes
is specific for the oxidation of
aldehydes; if done properly, silver deposits on
the walls of the container as a silver mirror.
Tollens’ reagent
is oxidized to gluconic acid.
Glucose
his reaction is used as
a test for aldehyde groups in organic chemicals (as well as
for making silver mirror), which includes formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde and glucose.
Tollens’ reagent
(an ammoniacal silver
nitrate complex) by glucose solution to form silver mirror.
Tollens’ reagent
Reduction of an aldehyde gives a primary alcohol.
Reduction a ketone gives a secondary alcohol.
Reduction of an aldehyde gives a primary alcohol.
Reduction a ketone gives a secondary alcohol.
Addition of a molecule of alcohol to the carbonyl
group of an aldehyde or ketone forms a ___ (a half-acetal).
hemiacetal
s a
carbon bonded to one -OH group and one -OR
group.
hemiacetal
are generally unstable and are
only minor components
Hemiacetals
A ___can react further with an alcohol to
form an acetal plus water.
hemiacetal
s a carbon
bonded to two -OR groups
group of an acetal
