ART APPRE QUIZ Flashcards
is a general term used to describe any kind of man-made image on the walls, ceiling or floor of a cave or rock shelter.
Cave Art
Known also as stone age,
‘parietal art’,
6 notable Oldest cave art evidences:
Bhimbetka Petroglyphs (290,000-700,000 BCE)
Venus of Berekhat Ram (230-700,000 BCE)
Abstract Drawing from the 73,000 BCE
Hall of Bulls Cave Paintings,28,000 and 10,000 BCE,
Amur River Basin Pottery, 14,300 BCE
Tuc d’Audoubert Bison Sculpture in France 13,500 BCE
Cupules at Auditorium Cave & Daraki-Chattan Rock Shelter, India. The oldest known rock art in the world
Bhimbetka Petroglyphs (290,000-700,000 BCE)
At first, historians believed that the artifact was a product of natural erosion rather than a deliberate human act of creativity until the discovery of a second one, the Venus of Tan-Tan, in Morocco.
Venus of Berekhat Ram (230-700,000 BCE), Israel
from the 73,000 BCE at Blombos Cave, South Africa
Abstract Drawing
The paintings on cave walls represent the earliest surviving examples of the artistic expression of early people
Hall of Bulls Cave Paintings,28,000 and 10,000 BCE, France.
Chinese ceramics from Late Paleolithic Culture.
Amur River Basin Pottery, 14,300 BCE
sculpted in soft clay. The relief carries marks left by artist’s fingers and nails.
Tuc d’Audoubert Bison Sculpture in France 13,500 BCE,
includes the painting, sculpture, architecture, and other arts produced by the civilization in the lower Nile Valley from 5000 BCE to 300 CE.
Egyptian Art
Egyptian Art Characteristics:
Daily life activities.
Journey of the deceased into the afterworld.
Images of the gods and deities.
Honoring pharaohs, noble people and the dead.
Social and political rank.
Writings on the wall describing drawings and images
Worship and rituals.
revolutionary style of Egyptian art created by Amenhotep IV, who took the name Akhenaton during his reign (1353–36 BCE) in the 18th dynasty.
Amarna style,
His innovations were centered upon a new religion based on the worship of Aton, or the sun’s disk, which Akhenaton elevated above all others in the Egyptian pantheon.
Amarna style,
are characterized by regularity and detailed depiction of gods, human beings, heroic battles, and nature. A high proportion of the surviving works were designed and made to provide peace and assistance to the deceased in the afterlife.
Egyptian Wall Paintings
, painting depicting his achievement in his raid against Muwatalli’s Hittite resurgent forces.
Ramesses the Great and Battle of Dapur
Mummifying the dead is also a sacred ritual in preparation to the afterlife.
Egyptian Mummification Wall Paintings:
Containing spells to help the dead back to life after the journey to the underworld.
Book of the Dead Wall Paintings:
Aside from honoring the dead, the painting should contain the ritual of the dead’s human heart in the ‘weighing scale’.
Funeral Wall Paintings:
___, coated limestone produced by __ in 1345 BC. Depiction of the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten. This is regarded as one of the most copied works on ancient Egypt.
Nefertiti Bust, Thutmose
Two massive huge stone statues representing greatness of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and it meant to protect the temple from evil spirits
Colossi of Memnon (18 m)
From the 4th dynasty (2613 to 2494 BC) the statues were skillfully sculpted confirming their high rank stature. With glass inlaid eyes makes the statue more realistic.
Seated Statues of Rahotep and Nofret
Statues like this were buried in tombs, wrapped in cloth. It was thought the statues helped the dead be reborn in the next life, like the real deity Osiris.
Wrapped Osiris (mummified) Statue
Depicted the performance of burial rites and rituals, symbolizing the transition from earthly existence to the realm of the gods. Moreover, these artworks created an environment within the tomb that was believed to facilitate the rebirth and rejuvenation of the deceased in the afterlife
Egyptian Funerary, Deity and Ritualistic Art
Discovered by __, this ___ is an ancient death mask dated 1323 BC and is regarded as one of the most famous Egyptian artworks and admired works of art around the world.
Howard Carter, Tutankhamun’s ‘Golden Death Mask’
Egyptians tombs: All tombs had two essential architectural components that reflected their religious function
A burial chamber and
A nearby mortuary chapel.
was below ground and housed and protected the body and spirit.
burial chamber
was above ground and was accessible to visitors who would perform rites and make offerings of food and drink for the dead person.
mortuary chapel
the valley became a royal burial ground for pharaohs such as Tutankhamun, Seti I, and Ramses II, as well as queens, high priests, and other elites of the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties.
The Valley of the Egyptian Kings and Queens
were also placed in these closed chapels and tombs to establish a connection between the worlds of the living and the dead
False Door of the Royal Sealer Neferiu, Middle Kingdom, 8th to 11th Dynasty
Two Types of Egyptian Caskets
anthropoid coffin
anthropoid
itself is typical of the ancient Egyptian burial practices.
anthropoid coffin
sarcophagus were rectangular boxes with flat lids.
anthropoid,
The Egyptian Concept of the Soul:
Ka, Ba and Akh.
is the spirit of Ra, which encapsulates the concept of light - the transfigured spirit of a person that becomes one with light after death.
Akh
The opposite of Akh is___, the state of a person who has died but has not been transfigured into light.
Mut (dead)
is represented as a human-headed bird that leaves the body when a person dies.
Ba
is the life force or spiritual double of the person. The royal Ka symbolized a pharaoh’s right to rule, a universal force that passed from one pharaoh to the next.
Ka
is one of the most important goddesses of ancient Egypt. She was a great magician, whose power transcended that of all other deities.
Isis
, in ancient Egyptian religion, ‘god of the sun and radiance’, the creator god.
‘Ra’ or ‘Re’, also spelled Ra or Pra
Considered the oldest child of the earth god Zeb and the sky goddess Nut and the god of the afterlife.
‘Osiris’ The King of the Living
holding a special position in ancient Egypt and worshiped as the god of sky, war, protection, and light.
Horus known as the ‘God of Vengeance’
translated to “the hidden one”, is the god of the air, the sun, and creation. He was seen as the god of obscurity or the mysteriousness of life.
‘Amun-Ra’,
the Pharaos physician was also the architect of his Pyramid.
Hemiunu
The oldest pyramid in the middle is for ____, ‘Cheops’ in Greek, the second king of the 4th dynasty.
King Khufu
The second tallest was built for ___, ‘Chephren’ in Greek was the fourth king in the same dynasty.
King Khafre
The last pyramid to be built was that of ____, ‘Mykerinus’ in Greek was the fifth king of the same dynasty.
King Menkaure
from ancient Egypt was inspired by distinct ideas form earliest builders carved columns from enormous blocks of limestone, sandstone, and red granite.
Egyptian Columns
who lived over 4,000 years ago in 27th century B.C., is credited with carving stone columns and capitals to resemble bundled reeds and other plant forms.
Architect Imhotep,
The first royal tombs before the pyramids were called
mastabas
One of the most significant architecture not only to Egyptians but to Western civilization as well is the
Temple of the Ramesseum
The mighty columns and colonnade are a remarkable feat of engineering before the Greek conquest of
Alexander the Great
were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language.
Egyptian hieroglyphs
combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with more than 100 distinct characters. Characters objects are portrayed as ideograms or pictures, and the picture signs have the phonetic, or sound, value of the words represented by the objects.
Hieroglyphs
used for writing administrative documents, accounts, legal texts, and letters, as well as mathematical, medical, literary, and religious texts.
Hieratic
primarily for administrative documents, letters, and tax records.
Demotic
used for literary and common writing.
Coptic
A granodiorite stele discovered in 1799. Inscribed with the three versions of texts. The top is in the_____script, middle in the demotic script while the bottom in the ancient __ Greek
Rosetta Stone, hieratic , demotic , coptic
Egyptians wore necklaces, bracelets, heavy neck collars, pendants, earrings, rings, and special buttons on their clothing. Wealthy Egyptians had jewelry made out of precious jewels and gold. The common people couldn’t afford these luxuries, so they wore jewelry made out of colored beads.
Egyptian Jewelry
metal casted, carved jewelry work was quite sophisticated even in the Old Kingdom, as demonstrated by some highly creative pieces depicted specially in tomb scenes.
Tutankhamun’s lunar pectoral
Gold pectoral with semiprecious stones, Middle Kingdom, 12th dynasty (1991–1786 BCE).
Sesostris III Pectoral
City of Cliffs
Nabataean Architecture
is a member of an ancient Arabian people who from 312 BC formed an independent kingdom with its capital at Petra in Jordan.
Nabataean
Nabataean structures especially tombs are primarily
“Rock-Cut tombs.”
There have been nearly __ rock-cut tombs found in Petra and Hegra.
900
may have had a religious function for the Nabateans after an inscription found near the monument
Ad-Deir Temple
suggests that it was used for religious assemblies in memory of ____who the Nabateans deified (worshiped as god) after his death
King Obodas III
Another most prominent rock-cut facades within the Petra Archaeological Park is the ____synthetized with the advanced set of skills and techniques that the Nabataeans deployed to shape the unique monuments which was possibly built between the 1st and the 2nd century AD.
Palace Tomb
