lwwr quiz lesson 6 to 7 Flashcards
With the coming of the Spaniards, a ____ on the
ownership of land was adopted.
Regalian Doctrine
Lands were given to encomenderos as a reward for helping in the pacification of the islands. These are called
personal encomiendas
The word encomienda
comes from the word ___ which means to commend
or entrust.7⁹
“encomendar”
When Rizal was still a young boy, he wandered about in the hacienda
followed by his dog (__).
Braganza Usman
Vast lands owned by individuals and institutions were leased to
primary tenants called
inquilinos
Physically it was impossible for them to farm the entire hacienda, which is the reason they had to hire sharecroppers or ___, which was term for tenant farmers.
kasamas
Payment is
depending on the arrangement they entered into. It can be a
___ or a ___ arrangement.
70/30 , 50/50
hAfter getting married to Teodora, __
decided to move to the neighboring town of Calamba where the
Dominicans had a hacienda.
Francisco Engracio Mercado
Calamba was originally owned by the ___ but it became government property when they were expelled in
__
Jesuits, 1768.
____ won in the public
bidding and managed the Hacienda de Calamba until 1831.
Jose G. Azanza
was over two
thousand hectares from the boundary of Biñan and Santa Rosa to
the foothills of Mount Makiling.
hacienda
Don Francisco developed friendly relations with the Dominicans
and was able to leased __ hectares
500 hectares
A close relative ___ was accused of trying to poison his wife ___
Don Jose Alberto, Doña Teodora
Formoso de Alberto
was a rich landowner who went on a
trip to Europe.
Don Jose Alberto
a fanatical puppet of the friars
gobernadorcillio
was someone who bore a grudge on his family
the alfarez
He called the gobernadorcillo a fanatical puppet of the friars while the alferez was someone who bore a grudge on his family just because Don Francisco refused his request for free __- and ___. Also he was refuse fodder for his horse.
chickens, turkeys
The gobernadorcillo made Doña Teodora walk from ___ to the
provincial capitol in___- a distance of more than 30 kilometers.
Calamba, Santa Cruz
is exempted from paying taxes for activities connected
with the propagation of the faith
Church
the __ allowed the tenants to
have grace period in paying the increased rents.
Dominicans
Rizal left Calamba for Europe in
February __, the tenants openly refused to pay their rents.
1888
Rizal left Calamba for Europe in
February, Their lawyer___reportedly told the tenants not to pay a single cent to the Dominicans unless they showed that they really owned the hacienda
Felipe Buencamino
The tenants won their case at the justice of the peace in Calamba where according to historian__ practically dictated the decision of the court.
Fr. Villaroel Paciano
The Dominicans was able to prove that they were legitimate owners of the Calamba and the other haciendas. The case went as far as the
Supreme Court in ___ where the Dominicans ultimately won
Madrid
Meanwhile without waiting
for the decision of the court in Manila, the agents of the
provincial court supported by a detachment of soldiers
destroyed ___.
50 houses
sent more troops to expel all the defiant tenants.
Valeriano Weyler
Weyler deported __, his
brother-in-law Silvestre Ubaldo and twenty-five other individuals
to ___.Another brother-in-law, Manuel Hidalgo, was deported to Bohol.
Paciano, Mindoro, Bohol
__, Jose Rizal arrived in Manila at __in the evening.
August 6, 1887, 9:00
The first Filipino he encountered was a __ who was astonished when he read the name Jose Rizal in the list of passengers.
newspaperman
Immediately upon arrival, Riza! was called by ___who said, “You wrote a novel that aroused much comment, and wish to read it.” Rizal promised the Governor General that he would look for one. In the course of their conversation the Governor General insisted, ‘Not only do I permit it, but I demand it.”
Governor General Emilio
Terrero
The Governor of Manila __, was a high- ranking mason, and Rizal as a Mason, would definitely be protected, not
because of favors, but by brotherhood obligation
Don Jose Centeno
General Tererro gave instructions to the Civil Guard Lieutenant ____ to protect Rizal from anyone who might
harm him.
Jose Taviel de Andrade
While in-Calamba, and happily united with his family and friends,
Rizal became busy applying the modern technique that he learned in
__, ____ and ___, specifically in the field of __
Spain, France, Germany in the field of
Ophthalmology.
When Rizal opened his clinic in Calamba, he was an instant famed
Filipino doctor, due to his medical
____, curing many
patients
trainings in Europ
One of the reasons why Rizal took up Ophthalmology-was to
cure the failing eyesight of Dona Teodora, who for many years
was suffering from -__
cataract.
The operation was successful, thus, he gained the local title as
__(German Doctor).
Ductor Ullman
Rizal was in Madrid, Spain when he knew of the problem concerning
the __
Hacienda case.
On ___, Paciano informed Rizal of the economic crisis or lack of
work in the country
July 1885
He sent Rizal a letter concerning the action of the Dominican
Corporation:
Comes the month of June and contrary to custom all tenants had not paid their obligations, which was enough to scandalize all the friars, especially the
administrator Who, Without stopping to investigate what could be the cause of the insolvency, whether it is lack of will, physical impossibility bad harvest, low price, or the progressive increase in the land rent, he declares vacant all the
lands of the estate. Frightened, some paid their obligations with the proceeds of the distress sate of their sugar
In another letter dated August 29, 1886, Rizal’s brother-in-law,
___, wrote him a letter complaining of the unbearable tax imposed by the friars to the tenants,
Mariano Herbosa
In another letter dated August 29, 1886, Rizal’s brother-in-law,
Mariano Herbosa, wrote him a letter complaining of the unbearable
tax imposed by the friars to the tenants, such as tax on irrigated, dry
and residential lands, Herbosa added:
Another feature of this system is that,
on the day you accept the conditions,
the contract will be written, which cannot be changed for four years,
but the tax is increased every year.
Governor General ____ to introduce reforms in the agrarian taxation in the country, he gave an official communication dated ___, giving instruction to the Department of Finance of the Central Government
Terrero, December 30, 1887
entrusted themselves to Rizal to aid them in preparing the report for the government
principales of Calamba
Jose Rizal “Reports”
- That the hacienda owned by the friar corporation, covered the entire
town of Calamba, and that the profits gained from the Hacienda
increased due to arbitrary increase in the land rentals every year,
whether with contract or not. - Tenants who cleared productive lands are strictly obliged to pay rents,
the same policy was also applied on unproductive lands. - High interests were being levied for the tenants who, for valid reasons,
delayed in paying the rents. Failure to pay would mean confiscation of
working animals and residences by the Dominican Corporation, - The tenants who paid the high rents were subsequently the town folk
themselves who were never given support or incentive such as
assistance to agriculture and education of their children.
Effects of Jose Rizal- Reports
- The report resulted in placing the Dominican friars of Calamba in shame.
- The government records showed that the Catholic friars were guilty of
corruption, fraud and non-payment of tax in a massive scale, not only for
the past three years but from the first year the Dominican congregation
took hold of the land. - From a small portion of- land owned by the Jesuits which was bought by
the Dominican corporation, now it owned the entire Calamba town.
However the tax paid by the Dominicans was the same when the land was acquired from the Jesuits. - The report also revealed that the Dominican Corporation was collecting
taxes of all sorts from the land they never owned.
Jose Rizal Left the Philippines; Reasons;
- While Rizal was in Calamba, his parents and friends were
worried of his personal safety.
* His religious enemies requested Governor General Terrero to
deport Rizal, but due to lack of case, the Governor refused. However, he called Rizal in Manila and asked him to leave the country. Rizal was accused by his enemies from the church of
being a German spy’s agent of Bismarck, Protestant, witch,
mason and whose soul condemned to hell.
- His father Don Francisco refused to allow Rizal to go alone or
eat in the house of other families due to the anonymous letters
who’s content of which endangered Rizal’s life - To ease the growing pressure form the threats of the church, taking it
against his family and the government, Rizal decided to leave the
Philippines for his second sojourn to Europe. Thus, at 5:00 p.m.
February 3, 1888, he departed and said, “On leaving Manila, I felt that
sweetness and melancholy of six years ago, upon seeing the turrets
of the cathedrals and the big convents.” Before leaving the country,
Rizal left another artistic contribution. - His friends from Lipa, Batangas, requested him to compose for them
a hymn to be sung on the feast day of Lipa, which was entitled Himno
al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor).
His friends from Lipa, Batangas, requested him to compose for them
a hymn to be sung on the feast day of Lipa, which was entitled
Himno al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor).
On the local level, is a friar endorsed the candidates
running for office. - Approves who should be admitted to higher educational
institutions in the Philippines. - He was the guardian of morals in the community
- Chief censor
- Keeps record of the people living in his community
- As a leading member, he is invited to important gatherings
and social events and he always occupies the places of
honor.
The Parish Priest
The highest church official in the Philippines. - Most powerful religious official in the colony
- He has a strong influence in the government,
like his local counterpart in the parishes, and the
nation as a whole. - He can influence the decision of the governor
general
- He can cause the removal of a governor general
if he opposes the will of the church
The Archbishop of Manila
Famous “Bad” Governor Generals According to the Church
Simon de Anda
Jose dela Gandara
Carlos Ma. Dela Torre
Emilio Terrero
Ramon Blanco
He replaced the friar curates with secular as soon as they resigned or died earning the condemnation from the Regulars and was not forgiven by them.
Simon de Anda.
He was accused by the Church of favoring the liberals
Jose dela Gandara
Also accused of consorting with the liberals and the emerging Filipino middle class during his time.
Carlos Ma. Dela Torre
He was disliked by the Church for not acting on Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and for ordering the investigation of the
Dominicans regarding their hacienda income.
Emilio Terrero.
He dismissed the friars as alarmists and for not acting on the issue of suspected existence of Katipuneros in 1896 as well as for not executing Rizal.
Ramon Blanco.
Famous “Good” Governor Generals
According the Church
Rafael de Izquierdo
Eulogio Despujol
Camilo de Polavieja
He was the governor general who ordered the execution of the three leaders of secularization movement
Rafael de Izquierdo.
The governor general who ensured that Rizal will not be able to leave the Philippines
after his arrival in 1892 and subsequently ordered Rizal to
be exiled in Dapitan
Eulogio Despujol
Known for his repressive measures against the masons and Katipunan suspects; he
also signed the death warrant of Jose Rizal.
Camilo de Polavieja
A clergy who belongs to the religious orders.
. A clergy who does not
belong to any religious orders.
Regular Clergy.
Secular Clergy
3 Vows of the Religious Clergy
chastity, poverty, and
obedience
they are supposed to lead a life in
seclusion dedicated to prayer and meditation
- When not living in seclusion, they must preach the gospels and become missionaries.
- They are supervised by their own superiors
Regular Clergy.
2 Vows of the Secular Clergy
obedience and
chastity.
- Their duties were to minister the spiritual needs
of the people and live ministering the people. - They do not live a secluded life. - They are under the jurisdiction of the bishop or archbishop whose diocese he belongs.
secular clergy
by the
bishops and archbishops exists since the beginning of the Spanish
rule in the Philippines.
A conflict on the issue of supervision and visitation
if bishops or
archbishops would insists visiting them.
Threat of resignation from the parishes by regulars
. He became Bishop of Manila and during his tenure, he made it clear that he would visit the parishes in his domain to stop any abuses committed in the spread of the Gospel.
Fr. Domingo de Salazar.
In 1620, he tried to visit parishes
under the regulars but the friarcurates objected prompting Arch. Garcia
Miguel Garcia Serrano.
In 1653, invoking the Papal Bull of 1633 ordered all regulars to submit to his authority and all parishes should be visited. He was backed up by the Royal Audiencia to enforce the visitation;
Miguel Poblete Casasola
In the last years of 17th century, Justice of the Royal Audiencia began investigating the Regular Orders regarding their land
titles; they appealed to Arch. Camacho in 1697.
Diego de Camacho.
He tried to
enforce the Papal Bull of Clement XI
Francisco dela Cuesta.
Pope Benedict XIV decreed in 1744 and 1745 that friar curates were subject to visitation.
Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa.
The __ had grown in power and influence who have produced noted educators and scientists.
Jesuits
seen as threats and were accused of causing intrigues and teaching radical ideas which tend to subvert the
people’s loyalty to the monarchy.
Jesuits
The ___ of 1861 led to the rise of a new movement for secularization in the Philippines.
Royal Decree
The leaders of the Secularization Movement are the
Filipino priests
Fr. Pedro Pablo Pelaez,
Fr. Jose Burgos,
Fr. Jacinto Zamora
most erudite or well-educated
among the brilliant Filipino priests
Pedro Pablo Pelaez. The m
He became the parish priest of Bacoor
and protected the ordinary natives from the abuses of the
Dominicans in Cavite and because of his crusade, he was
hated by the Regulars
Mariano Gomes.
The youngest and the most brilliant with eight degrees from UST
Jose Burgos.
. He was an examiner of priests at the
Manila Cathedral.
Jacinto Zamora
It was alleged that ___ was part of a larger conspiracy to bring about the separation of the
Philippines from Spain
Cavite Mutiny
betrayed the Filipino priests who are
leaders of Secularization Movement.
Gambling
was the leader
of the separatist movement while the two priests – Fr. Gomes and Fr. Zamora, are his coconspirators.
Fr. Jose Burgos,
was held by the Spaniards
finding the three accused guilty of treason and attempted rebellion.
kangaroo trial
The first to be executed was ___ As he approached the
chair of the garrote, he said, ‘I AM GOING TO WHERE THE
LEAVES OF THE TREES WILL NOT MOVE WITHOUT THE WILL
OF GOD’
Fr. Gomes.
The second priest to be executed was
who did not say anything
because his silence was due to the fact that he became insane;
Fr. Zamora
The last to be executed was ____who was crying. When he was made to sit in the garrote chair, he stood up and cried, ‘BUT I AM INNOCENT!’ The
priests beside him retorted and said, ‘So was Christ!’ He was told to accept his fate.
Fr. Burgos
EFFECTS OF THE EXECUTION OF THE THREE PRIESTS
❖It was considered as a milestone in Philippine
history as the birth of nationalism. ❖The natives started to think as a people of a nation
– no longer Tagalogs, Pampangos, or Visayans.
❖It had a cathartic effect that made the natives as wells the mestizos and Spaniards born in the Philippines
that they are separate from the colonizers and they
belong to a country
❖In the latter part of the 19th century nationalist and movements, the memory of the three priests was a
rallying point.
❖Katipunan Sur, a Katipunan chapter in Bulacan, made a new recruit swear over a piece of cloth which is part
of the soutane of the executed priests and made them swear to avenge their unjust deaths. Also present is
a skull of a victim of Spanish injustice
on June 12,
1898 also invoked the
memory of the three
priests as the reason for
seeking separation from
Spain
The Declaration of
Independence
a tardy tribute to their
unknown graves.
El Filibusterismo
remained a divided social
institution during the rest of the Spanish period
church
are blamed by the Dominicans for training and inspiring future enemies like Rizal and the propagandists a
Jesuits
blamed the Seculars for siding the
Revolutionists.
The Regulars
