USMLE Rx: Week of 11/29/16 Flashcards
What syndrome presents with thrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent pyogenic infections?
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (think WATER: Wiskott-Aldrich = Thrombocytopenia, Eczema, and Recurrent pyogenic infections)
This is an X-linked disorder in which boys can’t mount an IgM response to bacteria. IgA and IgE will be elevated.
The internal jugular vein is ___________ to the common carotid artery.
lateral
The disorder that presents with hypogonadism, short stature, obesity, and intellectual disability results from methylation of chromosome ____.
15
True or false: a living will does not override durable power of attorney.
True. Durable power of
Those with ____________ deficiency are at increased risk of GI infections.
selective IgA
A patient who has an absent patellar reflex might also have numbness where?
The back of the thigh, back of the calf, and lateral side of the foot
Disc herniation will present with pain when _____________.
the leg is bent
In addition to affected mastication muscles, impairment in V3 will also present with _____________.
jaw deviation, because V3 also innervates the pterygoid muscles
The palms and soles of the feet have what additional layer of skin?
Stratum lucidum
Urine sodium greater than 20 mEq/L indicates what type of renal injury?
Intrinsic (renal)
Urine osmolality will be _____________ in both prerenal and postrenal azotemia.
less than 350 mOsm/kg
What is the confirmatory test for HIV?
Immunoassay
Cervical LAD with buccal and pharyngeal thrush should raise suspicion for _____________.
AIDS
Drugs that inhibit ______________ can help prevent male-pattern baldness.
5-alpha reductase (which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone)
There are two sets of veins that can produce hemorrhoids. Differentiate them.
Hemorrhoids from the superior rectal veins are internal (i.e., cannot be seen from outside) and are not innervated by pain-sensing neurons. Hemorrhoids from the inferior rectal vein can be seen from outside and are painful.
What genetic syndrome is strongly associated with Hirschprung’s?
Down syndrome
The leading cause of small bowel obstruction is ____________.
abdominal surgery
Bilateral lesions of the amygdala (from a stroke, for instance), result in what syndrome?
Klüver-Bucy syndrome: hypersexuality, hyperorality, anterograde amnesia, and disinhibition
(Without your amygdala, you’re not afraid to put your mouth on stuff. Also, think Busy Luver.)
What disorder might you think of if a father and son both had violent shaking movements of the legs?
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (caused by disturbances in the corticospinal tract that result in spasm rather than paralysis)
Most trisomies are caused by a problem in which step of mitosis/meiosis?
Anaphase I of meiosis (because this is when the chromosomes must separate)
True or false: the femoral sheath contains the femoral nerve, artery, and vein.
False. The sheath only contains the blood vessels.
What virus presents with the POM-Pom symptoms?
Mumps! Parotitis Orchitis (can lead to infertility) Meningitis Pancreatitis
The ductal cells of the salivary gland secrete ____________ into the saliva. As flow rate increases, this substance will decrease in concentration.
potassium
There are three main therapeutics for ulcerative colitis. Describe the order in which you’d prescribe them.
First sulfasalazine, which gets metabolized to 5-aminosalicylic acid that decreases inflammation locally.
If that fails to work, switch to steroids.
If steroids fail to work, give infliximab.
