USMLE Rx Questions: Week 06/06/16 Flashcards
Schizophrenia is associated with the __________ pathways.
mesolimbic and mesocortical
List three symptoms of amiodarone toxicity, and the thread that unifies them.
Hypothyroidism can result from amiodarone use:
Fatigue
Constipation
Weight gain
Amiodarone mimics _________ and prevents its activation to _______.
T4; T3
What are normal calcium levels?
8.5 - 10.2 mg/dL
Briefly list the pathogenesis and presentation of Paget’s disease.
Paget’s disease, also called osteitis deformans, results from increased osteoclast activity followed by increased osteoblast activity. This leads to poor bone formation, which presents with pain and mosaic bone pattern. All labs will be normal, with the exception of elevated Alk-Phos.
What are normal levels of alkaline phosphatase?
44 - 147 IU/L
In severe Paget’s disease, patients can develop _________, which can lead to high-output CHF.
hypervascularity of the bones (which behaves like an arteriovenous shunt)
The most serious complication of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is ___________.
blindness due to uveitis
Which seizure drug can lead to Steven-Johnson syndrome?
Lamotrigine
Importantly, fibrosis of myocytes will lead to _________ cardiomyopathy.
restrictive
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is associated with two sources of nephritic syndrome: _____________.
ANCA and Goodpasture’s
Lupus is most associated with which type of nephritic syndrome?
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
Which drug is given to lupus patients with significant organ involvement?
Cyclophosphamide
Histologically, what is unique about Langerhans cell histiocytosis?
They contain Birbeck granules (the tennis-racket sign on electron microscopy)
What are two cell surface markers for dendritic cells?
S-100 and CD-1a
Vincristine and vinblastine are __________ inhibitors.
macrotubule formation
Lead poisoning can lead to _________ stippling.
basophilic
Which enzyme does lead poisoning inhibit?
ALA dehydratase
List two big signs of bleomycin poisoning.
Skin pigmentation and pulmonary fibrosis
What drug is used to diagnose and treat supraventricular arrhythmia?
Adenosine
Dibetes insipidus does not cause _______-natremia.
hypo
A common blood smear finding in those with multiple myeloma is ______________.
stacked RBCs
People with anticentromere antibodies typically have CREST symptoms. What are they?
Calcinosis of the skin Raynaud Esophageal dysfunction Scleroderma Telangiectasia
Contact dermatitis is a type ______ immunological reaction.
IV
The most common type of tumor in the pituitary area is ____________.
craniopharyngioma
The most common extra-articular manifestation of gout is _____________.
gouty nephropathy
The trabeculated parts of the heart come from ____________.
primitive atria and primitive ventricles
T-ALL typically presents in _________ with a thymic mass and cells positive for ____________.
adolescent males; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
TdT is a marker of ____________.
pre-B and pre-T cells
What are the three most common causes of cancer death in men?
Lung, prostate, colorectal
What blood pressure medicine can cause fatigue and depression?
Clonidine
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency can lead to what sign in the liver?
Intracellular acid-Schiff-positive globules
Tamoxifen inhibits the estrogen-dependent synthesis of ___________.
TGF-beta
What are Howell-Jolly bodies and in what disease do they present?
Remnants of nuclei; sickle cell (because of splenic dysfunction)
Tamoxifen and raloxifen work by ____________. What side effect are they different in?
being selective estrogen receptor modulators (though tamoxifen is the only anti-neoplastic); tamoxifen increases risk of endometrial cancer by being an agonist in the endometrium, while raloxifen does not
