Pathoma: Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Flashcards
Biliary atresia is failure to form the __________ biliary tree.
extrahepatic
Biliary atresia presents with elevated levels of _________ bilirubin.
conjugated
Why does cholestyramine increase risk of gallstones?
Because it binds bile acids and causes them to be excreted. Decreased bile acid concentration raises risk of gallstones.
Having ______ increases risk of gallstones.
Crohn’s, because inflammation of the terminal ileum damages ability to reabsorb bile (having the same effect as cholestyramine).
True or false: all gallstones are radiolucent.
False. Cholesterol stones are radiolucent, but pigment (bilirubin) gallstones are radio opaque.
What is biliary colic?
Waxing and waning RUQ pain (due to recurrent passage of gallstones)
Cholecystitis classically presents with pain that radiates to the _________.
right scapula
Why does alkaline phosphatase increase in obstructive biliary disorders?
Because the lining of the biliary tree contains alkaline phosphatase
Chronic cholecystitis can present with Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus formation. What is that?
When the mucosa of the gallbladder divers down into the smooth muscle.
If you can see the gallbladder on x-ray, then the patient likely has ____________.
porcelain gallbladder –a calcification of the gallbladder due to chronic cholecystitis.
Ascending cholangitis is most often due to ___________ bacteria.
enteric (Gram-negative)
How does gallstone ileus occur?
A fistula forms between the gallbladder and the small bowel, allowing much larger, obstructive stones to pass into and block the bowel.
New onset cholecystitis in an elderly woman is suggestive of _____________.
gallbladder carcinoma
