Pathoma: Valvular Disorders

Question 1

Antibodies to _______ in ß-hemolytic streptococcus lead to acute rheumatic fever.

Answer 1

M proteins

Question 2

The Jones criteria are used to diagnose __________.

Answer 2

acute rheumatic fever

Question 3

The major Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever are ___________.

Answer 3

JONES (joint problems, such as migratory arthralgia; O looks like a heart, which represents pancarditis; nodules in the skin; erythema marginatum, which is a rash that appears redder at the margins; and Sydenham’s chorea)

Question 4

What are Aschoff bodies?

Answer 4

A focus of chronic inflammation and fibrinoid material with Anitschkow cells–histiocytes with caterpillar nuclei–that is characteristic of myocarditis

Question 5

How can you distinguish aortic stenosis due to rheumatic heart disease versus wear and tear?

Answer 5

The mitral valve will always be affected in rheumatic heart disease, because that is where it starts

Question 6

Crescendo-decrescendo murmurs are characteristic of ___________.

Answer 6

aortic stenosis

Question 7

The most common cause of aortic regurgitation is ____________.

Answer 7

aortic root dilation

Question 8

In addition to DCM, aortic regurgitation can lead to ____________.

Answer 8

increased pulse pressure with the typical findings of pulsatile nail bed and head bobbing with pulse

Question 9

Mitral valve prolapse results in __________ as a heart sound.

Answer 9

mid-systolic click

Question 10

Mitral valve regurgitation sounds become louder upon _____________.

Answer 10

squatting and expiration