Pathoma: Lower Urinary Tract Carcinoma Flashcards

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1
Q

The most common type of lower urinary tract carcinoma is ___________.

A

urothelial carcinoma

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2
Q

The most common location for urinary tract carcinoma is ___________.

A

the bladder

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3
Q

What are three carcinogens known to cause urothelial carcinoma?

A

Azo dyes
Naphthylamine
Cyclophosphamide (long term use)

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4
Q

The classic presentation of urothelial carcinoma is ___________.

A

painless hematuria in an older adult

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5
Q

What are two kinds of urothelial carcinoma?

A

Flat: starts high grade; invades; frequent early p53 mutations
Papillary: starts low grade; blood vessel covered with a fibrous cap covered with epithelium

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6
Q

Urothelial cancers often __________.

A

recur

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7
Q

_________ carcinoma can often develop from metaplasia of the bladder lining.

A

Squamous

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8
Q

What are risk factors for squamous carcinoma of the bladder?

A

Schistosoma hematobium
Chronic cystitis
Smoking
Long-standing nephrolithiasis

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9
Q

Why is adenocarcinoma of the bladder associated with urachal remnants?

A

Because there usually isn’t glandular tissue in the bladder

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