Sketchy Pharm: Inhaled Anesthetics, Dantrolene Flashcards
The first inhaled anesthetic to be developed was _________.
N2O (still used in dental clinics)
The volatile anesthetics are ___________ at room temperature.
liquid (think of the kiddie pool with the gas tank falling into it)
The volatile anesthetics have ___________ groups (chemical part).
halogen (enflurane, isoflurane, halothane)
Less soluble anesthetics have what property in the blood and what effect for the patient?
They saturate the blood quickly and thus go to the brain quicker; this results in quicker onset and offset of anesthesia.
(Think of the two lanes of the ball pit: the heftier kid didn’t go far and had to get pulled out quickly, while the smaller kid had a longer run.)
Solubility of inhaled anesthetics is also referred to with the unwieldy term _____________.
blood-gas partition coefficient; molecules that are more soluble are said to have a high partition coefficient
What is MAC?
Minimum Alveolar Concentration – the concentration needed to make 50% of people unresponsive to pain (also called ED50).
(Think of the two kids eating MAC and cheese; one is asleep and the other is awake and poking the asleep kid.)
Potency is equal to ________.
1/MAC
The side effects of all inhaled anesthetics include ______________.
decreased cardiac output, respiratory depression, and post-op atelectasis (possibly due to decreased mucus production)
Fluorinated anesthetics do what to brain blood flow?
Increase it (undesirably so)
Think of the clown’s hat that looks like blood vessels.
Why is halothane not used in the United States?
Because it can cause hepatic necrosis (Halothane = Hepatic side effects). This occurs 2 days - 4 weeks after anesthesia.
Enflurane has what potential side effect?
Renal toxicity (eNflurane = Nephrological effects)
True or false: N2O can cause malignant hyperthermia.
False. Only the volatile anesthetics.
What non-anesthetic drug can also cause malignant hyperthermia?
Succinylcholine (the depolarizing muscle relaxant)
