USMLE Rx: Week of 11/21/16 Flashcards
On what receptor does ADH act to cause water retention?
V2 (Think… “2 = tubule”)
True or false: carcinoid syndrome results from a primary carcinoid tumor.
False. Carcinoid syndrome results from metastasis to the liver.
Clay stools result from _____________.
obstruction of the gallbladder
Delayed detachment of the umbilical cord is synonymous with ___________.
LAD (think, “the umbilical cord ADHEREs too long”)
LAD results from a defect in CD______.
18
“You’re no longer a LAD when you turn 18.”
Phosphorylation of mannose residues takes place in which organelle?
The cis-Golgi (the Golgi is the organelle that directs cellular traffic, so it makes sense that mannose phosphorylation would take place here because it directs proteins to lysosomes)
Those with AIDS have the most trouble annihilating ___________.
intracellular pathogens (like Listeria or TB)
Which layer of colonic tissue, when attenuated, causes diverticulosis?
Muscularis propria
What drug should be empirically given to a young adult with suspected meningitis?
Ceftriaxone
Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines both work on the 30S subunit. Which one inhibits tRNA binding?
Tetracycline (T for T!)
Alcohol metabolism leads to a ___________ NADH:NAD+ ratio.
increased; this is important because NAD+ must be present for glycolysis to continue, so pyruvate gets converted to lactate and thus hypoglycemia can occur because of deficient pyruvate
HNPCC increases what other non-GI cancer?
Endometrial, ovarian, and urinary tract
Histologically, how can you differentiate hereditary hemochromatosis and hemosiderosis?
Hemosiderosis will present with iron in macrophages, while hemochromatosis will present with iron in hepatocytes.
What kind of protein is involved in the disorder that presents with cafe-au-lait spots?
An inhibitor of ras (NF-1 on chromosome 17)
What might blistering on and in the mouth suggest in a patient taking an anticonvulsant?
SJS (can present in those taking phenytoin, carbamazepine, ethosuximide, and lamotrigine)
An elderly patient presents with a magnetic-foot gait, incontinence, and recent problems with memory. You check for papilledema and find none. What is likely happening?
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus, which only presents with elevated ICP intermittently (“wet, wobbly, and wacky”).
One important distinction from Alzheimer’s is that those with Alzheimer’s typically develop a lack of coordination late in their disease progression, so if someone is only mildly mentally impaired but has gait disturbance then suspect NPH.
What drug should you give to someone with new-onset diarrhea, tricuspid regurgitation, and periodic flushing?
Octreotide (being carcinoid syndrome)
What histologic appearance do carcinoid tumors have?
Rosettes
What drugs should be given to someone with multiple myeloma metastasized to the bone?
Bisphosphonates (alendronate and risedronate)
What side effect might you worry about in a person taking alendronate who got a tooth extracted?
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Mitochondrial disorders typically present with what tissues most affected?
Nerves and muscles, because both need lots of energy; think of mitochondrial disorders when someone presents with muscle weakness and nerve dysfunction (such as vision problems)
