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GI - 2 > Upper GIB > Flashcards

Upper GIB Flashcards

1
Q

What classifies a bleed as an Upper GIB?

A

Source is proximal to the ligament of Treitz

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of an Upper GIB?

A

PUD

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3
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomit is bright red

“coffee ground” emesis

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4
Q

Melena

A

Dark stool, develops with small amounts of blood

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5
Q

Hematochezia

A

Bright red stool, MASSIVE GIB

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6
Q

How will a Massive GIB present?

A

Hematochezia

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7
Q

4ish co-morbid conditions that occur with Upper GIB?

A

Aortic Stenosis and renal disease
Smoking and liver disease
Alcohol abuse
H. Pylori and NSAIDs

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8
Q

4ish co-morbid conditions that occur with Upper GIB?

A

Aortic stenosis and renal disease
Smoking and liver disease
Alcohol abuse
H. Pylori and NSAIDs

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9
Q

Physical exam findings with an Upper GIB?

A

Tachycardia
Orthostatic/Supine Hypotension
ACUTE ABDOMEN - pain, rebound tenderness, guarding

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10
Q

Physical exam findings with an Upper GIB?

A

Tachycardia
Orthostatic/Supine Hypotension
ACUTE ABDOMEN - pain, rebound tenderness, guarding

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11
Q

2 types of Stress ulcers

A

Curlings ulcers

Cushings ulcers

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12
Q

Curlings ulcers

A

Peptic ulcer due to extensive burns

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13
Q

Cushings ulcers

A

Peptic ulcer due to severe brain injury and other CNS lesions

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14
Q

Besides Curlings and Cushings ulcers, what else can cause stress ulcers?

A

Severe medical or surgical illnesses

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15
Q

In very ill patients, it is important to prevent stress ulcers. 2 ways to do that?

A

Enteral nutrition

Proton pump inhibitor

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16
Q

Esophageal varices usually develop secondary to?

A

Cirrhosis (portal hypertension)

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17
Q

4 things that increase the risk of bleeding with esophageal varices?

A
  1. Size of varices
  2. Presence of Red Wale Markings
  3. Severity of liver disease
  4. Active alcohol abuse
18
Q

4 things that increase the risk of bleeding with esophageal varices?

A
  1. Size of varices
  2. Presence of Red Wale Markings
  3. Severity of liver disease
  4. Active alcohol abuse
19
Q

Red wale markings are what and are seen with?

A
  • seen with esophageal varices with increased risk of bleeding
    = longitudinal dilated venules
20
Q

2 prevention items for Esophageal varices?

A

Beta - adrenergic blockers

Band ligation

21
Q

What is and is not seen with Hemorrhagic Erosive Gastritis?

A

Coffee ground emesis and NO inflammation on histological exam

22
Q

What is and is not seen with Hemorrhagic Erosive Gastritis?

A

Coffee ground emesis and NO inflammation on histological exam

23
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

A

Primary Gastrinoma - gastrin secreting tumor

24
Q

Gastrin secreting tumor?

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

25
Q

Presentation of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

Severe, recurrent PUD not responding to treatment

26
Q

If Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is associated with MEN1 syndrome, what other symptoms are present?

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Pituitary neoplasm

27
Q

What is seen on EGD with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Large mucosal folds

28
Q

With Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, serum gastrin is above?

A

1000

29
Q

Treatment for Zollinger Ellison Syndrome?

A

Surgical resection

30
Q

The secretin stimulation test can diagnose?

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

31
Q

What is a Mallory Weiss Tear?

A

Superficial tear at the gastroesophageal junction

32
Q

Superficial tear at the gastroesophageal junction caused by vomiting ,retching, coughing?

A

Mallory Weiss Tear

33
Q

Treatment for Mallory Weiss Tear?

A

Nothing - bleeding usually stops spontaneously

34
Q

Boerhaave Syndrome

A

Transmural tear at the gastroesophageal junction

35
Q

Most common site of a Dieulafoy lesion?

A

Stomach

36
Q

Dieulafoy lesion

A

Aberrant large-caliber submucosal artery

37
Q

GAVE

A

Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasias

38
Q

“Watermelon stomach”

A

GAVE

- Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasias

39
Q

What is GAVE?

A

Multiple superficial telangiectasias in antrum of stomch

40
Q

What is GAVE?

A

Multiple superficial telangiectasias in antrum of stomach

GI - 2 (61 decks)

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