Immuno IBD part 2

Question 1

Normal Homeostasis involves ____ inflammatory responses

Answer 1

ANTI-inflammatory

Question 2

With homeostasis, what cells are normally increased?

Answer 2

GALT
Th1 and Th17
Tregs and IL-10

Question 3

With homeostasis, what cells are normally increased?

Answer 3

GALT
Th1 and Th17
Tregs and IL-10

Question 4

Commensal bacteria ferment?

Answer 4

Non-digestable polysaccharides

Question 5

Commensal bacteria ferment non-digestable polysaccharides. What does that produce?

Answer 5

Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)

Question 6

What is the purpose of Short Chain Fatty Acids?

Answer 6

Increases Tregs and IL-10

Question 7

What type of bacteria colonize the intestine?

Answer 7

Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)

Question 8

2 types of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria (SFB)?

Answer 8

• Bacteroides Fragilis

- Clostridium

Question 9

What is the purpose of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria (SFB)?

Answer 9

Increases Tregs

Increases Th17

Question 10

Main components of homeostasis that increase GALT, Th1 and Th17 and Tregs and IL-10?

Answer 10

• Bacteria fermented polysaccharides to produce SCFAs

- Segmented filamentous bacteria

Question 11

What makes up the Mucosal Firewall?

Answer 11

• Mucus
• Epithelial cells
• Resident Macrophages
• Dendritic cells

Question 12

What do Dendritic cells in the mucosal firewall activate?

Answer 12

Tregs
Th17
IgA - producing B cells

Question 13

What do Dendritic cells in the mucosal firewall activate?

Answer 13

Tregs
Th17
IgA - producing B cells

Question 14

Purpose of the Mucosal Firewall?

Answer 14

Limit passage and exposure of commensal bacteria to prevent pathology!

Question 15

In IBD, ____ of macrophages and dendritic cells to microflora is LOST

Answer 15

TOLERANCE

Question 16

In IBD, the tolerance of macrophages and dendritic cells to microflora is LOST. What does this cause?

Answer 16

Chronic immuno-inflammatory response

Question 17

Chronic immuno-inflammatory response with IBD?

Answer 17

DECREASED Tregs and IL-10

INCREASED Th17 and Th1

Question 18

Chronic immuno-inflammatory response with IBD?

Answer 18

DECREASED Tregs and IL-10

INCREASED Th17 and Th1

Question 19

With Crohn’s Disease, what cytokines do the dendritic cells and macrophages release?

Answer 19

IL-6
IL-12
IL-23

Question 20

With Crohn’s Disease, the cytokines released activate?

Answer 20

Th1

Th17

Question 21

With Crohn’s Disease, Th1 releases?

Answer 21

IL-2
IFN-gamma
TNF

Question 22

With Crohn’s Disease, Th17 releases?

Answer 22

IL-17

Question 23

With Ulcerative Colitis, there is atypical activation of?

Answer 23

Th2

Natural Killer T cells

Question 24

With Ulcerative Colitis, Th2 releases?

Answer 24

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

Question 25

With Ulcerative Colitis, Natural Killer T cells release?

Answer 25

IL-13

Question 26

What T cells are activated with Crohn’s Disease?

Answer 26

Th1 and Th17

Question 27

What T cells are activated with Ulcerative Colitis?

Answer 27

Th2 and Natural Killer T cells

Question 28

With Crohn’s disease, what T cell releases IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF?

Answer 28

Th1

Question 29

With Crohn’s disease, what T cell releases IL-17?

Answer 29

Th17

Question 30

With Ulcerative Colitis, what T cell releases IL-4, IL-5, IL-13?

Answer 30

Th2

Question 31

With Ulcerative Colitis, what T cell releases IL-13?

Answer 31

Natural Killer T cells

Question 32

With Crohn’s disease, what do macrophages and dendritic cells release in order to activate the T cells?

Answer 32

IL-6
IL-12
IL-23

Question 33

Tregs express what?

Answer 33

CTLA-4

alpha subunit of IL-2receptor

Question 34

Jobs of Tregs?

Answer 34

(-) APCS

(-) T cells via CTLA-4 and IL-2R

Question 35

Jobs of Tregs?

Answer 35

(-) APCs

(-) T cells via CTLA-4 and IL-2R