Immuno IBD part 2 Flashcards
Normal Homeostasis involves ____ inflammatory responses
ANTI-inflammatory
With homeostasis, what cells are normally increased?
GALT
Th1 and Th17
Tregs and IL-10
With homeostasis, what cells are normally increased?
GALT
Th1 and Th17
Tregs and IL-10
Commensal bacteria ferment?
Non-digestable polysaccharides
Commensal bacteria ferment non-digestable polysaccharides. What does that produce?
Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)
What is the purpose of Short Chain Fatty Acids?
Increases Tregs and IL-10
What type of bacteria colonize the intestine?
Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)
2 types of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria (SFB)?
- Bacteroides Fragilis
- Clostridium
What is the purpose of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria (SFB)?
Increases Tregs
Increases Th17
Main components of homeostasis that increase GALT, Th1 and Th17 and Tregs and IL-10?
- Bacteria fermented polysaccharides to produce SCFAs
- Segmented filamentous bacteria
What makes up the Mucosal Firewall?
- Mucus
- Epithelial cells
- Resident Macrophages
- Dendritic cells
What do Dendritic cells in the mucosal firewall activate?
Tregs
Th17
IgA - producing B cells
What do Dendritic cells in the mucosal firewall activate?
Tregs
Th17
IgA - producing B cells
Purpose of the Mucosal Firewall?
Limit passage and exposure of commensal bacteria to prevent pathology!
In IBD, ____ of macrophages and dendritic cells to microflora is LOST
TOLERANCE
In IBD, the tolerance of macrophages and dendritic cells to microflora is LOST. What does this cause?
Chronic immuno-inflammatory response
Chronic immuno-inflammatory response with IBD?
DECREASED Tregs and IL-10
INCREASED Th17 and Th1
Chronic immuno-inflammatory response with IBD?
DECREASED Tregs and IL-10
INCREASED Th17 and Th1
With Crohn’s Disease, what cytokines do the dendritic cells and macrophages release?
IL-6
IL-12
IL-23
With Crohn’s Disease, the cytokines released activate?
Th1
Th17
With Crohn’s Disease, Th1 releases?
IL-2
IFN-gamma
TNF
With Crohn’s Disease, Th17 releases?
IL-17
With Ulcerative Colitis, there is atypical activation of?
Th2
Natural Killer T cells
With Ulcerative Colitis, Th2 releases?
IL-4
IL-5
IL-13
With Ulcerative Colitis, Natural Killer T cells release?
IL-13
What T cells are activated with Crohn’s Disease?
Th1 and Th17
What T cells are activated with Ulcerative Colitis?
Th2 and Natural Killer T cells
With Crohn’s disease, what T cell releases IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF?
Th1
With Crohn’s disease, what T cell releases IL-17?
Th17
With Ulcerative Colitis, what T cell releases IL-4, IL-5, IL-13?
Th2
With Ulcerative Colitis, what T cell releases IL-13?
Natural Killer T cells
With Crohn’s disease, what do macrophages and dendritic cells release in order to activate the T cells?
IL-6
IL-12
IL-23
Tregs express what?
CTLA-4
alpha subunit of IL-2receptor
Jobs of Tregs?
(-) APCS
(-) T cells via CTLA-4 and IL-2R
Jobs of Tregs?
(-) APCs
(-) T cells via CTLA-4 and IL-2R