16-4 Flashcards
3 major salivary glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Parotid gland secretes?
Salivary amylase
Tongue submucosa secretes?
Lingual lipase
The % of the salivary gland that is composed of fat ____ with age
Increases
Xerostomia
Dry mouth due to decreased production of saliva
Dry mouth due to decreased production of saliva
Xerostomia
Common etiologies for Xerostomia
- Medications – “starting with a”
- Radiation therapy to the head and neck
- Sjogren syndrome
Symptoms of Xerostomia?
Dry mucosa, papillae atrophy of the tongue, fissuring and ulcerations
Dry mucosa, papillae atrophy of the tongue and fissuring with ulcerations is seen with?
Xerostomia
Common etiologies for Xerostomia
- Medications –“starting with a”
- Radiation therapy to the head and neck
- Sjogren Syndrome
What are possible complications of Xerostomia?
Dental caries
Candidiasis
Trouble swallowing/speaking
What is Sialadenitis?
Inflammation
4 etiologies for Sialadenitis?
Trauma - Mucocele
Autoimmune disease
Bacterial - S. aureus and S. Viridans
Viral - Mumps
Trauma can cause Sialadenitis. What will it present as?
Mucocele
What is a Mucocele and what causes it?
Lower lip swelling (sialadenitis) with blue hue
- caused by trauma
Mucocele involves damage to the?
Salivary gland duct and then saliva leaks in CT stroma
If Bacteria S. Aureus and S. Viridans cause Sialadenitis, what did they follow?
Duct obstruction by stones/trauma
Most common viral cause of Sialadenitis?
Mumps
Cyst due to damage of a sublingual gland duct
Ranula
A plunging Ranula separates?
Mylohyoid muscle
cyst due to damage of sublingual gland duct
The bigger the salivary gland, the more likely the tumor is?
Benign
What are 2 benign salivary gland tumors?
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Warthin Tumor
What are 2 benign salivary gland tumors?
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Warthin Tumor
What are 2 malignant salivary gland tumors?
Mucoepidermal Carcinoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
What are 2 malignant salivary gland tumors?
Mucoepidermal Carcinoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
What do Pleomorphic Adenomas consist of?
Mixture of ductal, myoepithelial and mesenchymal cells
What overexpression/mutations are present in cells of Pleomorphic Adenoma?
PLAG1 overexpression
Mutations of HMGA2
Pleomorphic Adenomas are well demarcated masses usually in what areas?
Parotid and Submandibular
The longer Pleomorphic Adenomas remain untreated, the greater risk that?
Malignancy will arise
PLAG1 overexpression and HMGA2 mutations are seen with?
Pleomorphic Adenomas
Warthin Tumors affect males or females more often?
Males
Warthin Tumors are usually in what area?
Parotid gland!!
What benign Tumor is almost only found in the Parotid gland?
Warthin Tumor
Smokers are at an 8X greater risk to develop which benign salivary gland tumor?
Warthin Tumor
Describe the unique cell setup with Warthin Tumors
Double layer of oncocytic cells:
- Inner layer = columnar
- Outer layer = cuboidal
In what areas are Mucoepidermal Carcinomas common?
Parotids and minor salivary glands
What translocation is associated with Mucoepidermal Carcinomas?
(11:19)(q21;p13)
= MECT1 - MAML2
What translocation is associated with Mucoepidermal Carcinomas?
(11:19)(q21;p13)
= MECT1 - MAML2
In what areas are Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas common?
Minor salivary glands = palatine
Parotid and submandibular
What gene rearrangements are associated with Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas?
MYB - NFIB
What gene rearrangements are associated with Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas?
MYB - NFIB
Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas grow along?
Nerves
Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas grow along nerves and thus, can cause?
Pain
Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas are slow growing and unpredictable. Many disseminate to other locations. Describe what can happen with time.
Even decades later, distant malignancies can occur
- As time goes on after this malignancy was found, survival chances decrease
What type of growth pattern do Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas have?
Cribriform - “swiss cheese”
Spaces in Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas are filled with?
Hyaline material
