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GI - 2 > 16-4 > Flashcards

16-4 Flashcards

1
Q

3 major salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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2
Q

Parotid gland secretes?

A

Salivary amylase

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3
Q

Tongue submucosa secretes?

A

Lingual lipase

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4
Q

The % of the salivary gland that is composed of fat ____ with age

A

Increases

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5
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth due to decreased production of saliva

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6
Q

Dry mouth due to decreased production of saliva

A

Xerostomia

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7
Q

Common etiologies for Xerostomia

A
  • Medications – “starting with a”
  • Radiation therapy to the head and neck
  • Sjogren syndrome
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8
Q

Symptoms of Xerostomia?

A

Dry mucosa, papillae atrophy of the tongue, fissuring and ulcerations

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9
Q

Dry mucosa, papillae atrophy of the tongue and fissuring with ulcerations is seen with?

A

Xerostomia

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10
Q

Common etiologies for Xerostomia

A
  • Medications –“starting with a”
  • Radiation therapy to the head and neck
  • Sjogren Syndrome
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11
Q

What are possible complications of Xerostomia?

A

Dental caries
Candidiasis
Trouble swallowing/speaking

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12
Q

What is Sialadenitis?

A

Inflammation

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13
Q

4 etiologies for Sialadenitis?

A

Trauma - Mucocele
Autoimmune disease
Bacterial - S. aureus and S. Viridans
Viral - Mumps

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14
Q

Trauma can cause Sialadenitis. What will it present as?

A

Mucocele

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15
Q

What is a Mucocele and what causes it?

A

Lower lip swelling (sialadenitis) with blue hue

- caused by trauma

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16
Q

Mucocele involves damage to the?

A

Salivary gland duct and then saliva leaks in CT stroma

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17
Q

If Bacteria S. Aureus and S. Viridans cause Sialadenitis, what did they follow?

A

Duct obstruction by stones/trauma

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18
Q

Most common viral cause of Sialadenitis?

A

Mumps

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19
Q

Cyst due to damage of a sublingual gland duct

A

Ranula

20
Q

A plunging Ranula separates?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

cyst due to damage of sublingual gland duct

21
Q

The bigger the salivary gland, the more likely the tumor is?

A

Benign

22
Q

What are 2 benign salivary gland tumors?

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

Warthin Tumor

23
Q

What are 2 benign salivary gland tumors?

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

Warthin Tumor

24
Q

What are 2 malignant salivary gland tumors?

A

Mucoepidermal Carcinoma

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

25
Q

What are 2 malignant salivary gland tumors?

A

Mucoepidermal Carcinoma

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

26
Q

What do Pleomorphic Adenomas consist of?

A

Mixture of ductal, myoepithelial and mesenchymal cells

27
Q

What overexpression/mutations are present in cells of Pleomorphic Adenoma?

A

PLAG1 overexpression

Mutations of HMGA2

28
Q

Pleomorphic Adenomas are well demarcated masses usually in what areas?

A

Parotid and Submandibular

29
Q

The longer Pleomorphic Adenomas remain untreated, the greater risk that?

A

Malignancy will arise

30
Q

PLAG1 overexpression and HMGA2 mutations are seen with?

A

Pleomorphic Adenomas

31
Q

Warthin Tumors affect males or females more often?

A

Males

32
Q

Warthin Tumors are usually in what area?

A

Parotid gland!!

33
Q

What benign Tumor is almost only found in the Parotid gland?

A

Warthin Tumor

34
Q

Smokers are at an 8X greater risk to develop which benign salivary gland tumor?

A

Warthin Tumor

35
Q

Describe the unique cell setup with Warthin Tumors

A

Double layer of oncocytic cells:

  • Inner layer = columnar
  • Outer layer = cuboidal
36
Q

In what areas are Mucoepidermal Carcinomas common?

A

Parotids and minor salivary glands

37
Q

What translocation is associated with Mucoepidermal Carcinomas?

A

(11:19)(q21;p13)

= MECT1 - MAML2

38
Q

What translocation is associated with Mucoepidermal Carcinomas?

A

(11:19)(q21;p13)

= MECT1 - MAML2

39
Q

In what areas are Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas common?

A

Minor salivary glands = palatine

Parotid and submandibular

40
Q

What gene rearrangements are associated with Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas?

A

MYB - NFIB

41
Q

What gene rearrangements are associated with Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas?

A

MYB - NFIB

42
Q

Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas grow along?

A

Nerves

43
Q

Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas grow along nerves and thus, can cause?

A

Pain

44
Q

Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas are slow growing and unpredictable. Many disseminate to other locations. Describe what can happen with time.

A

Even decades later, distant malignancies can occur

- As time goes on after this malignancy was found, survival chances decrease

45
Q

What type of growth pattern do Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas have?

A

Cribriform - “swiss cheese”

46
Q

Spaces in Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas are filled with?

A

Hyaline material

GI - 2 (61 decks)

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