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GI - 2 > 17-3 -- Stomach part 2 > Flashcards

17-3 -- Stomach part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

Giant “cerebriform” enlargment of the rugal folds

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2
Q

Giant enlargement of the rugal folds?

A

Hypertrophic Gastropathies

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3
Q

What causes Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

Excessive growth factor release

= Epithelial hyperplasia without inflammation

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4
Q

What causes Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

Excessive growth factor release

= Epithelial hyperplasia without inflammation

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5
Q

Is inflammation present with Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

NO

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6
Q

2 types of Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

Menetrier Disease
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
= enlargement of rugal folds due to epithelial hyperplasia without inflmmation

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7
Q

2 types of Hypertrophic Gastropathies?

A

Menetrier Disease

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

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8
Q

Menetrier Disease involves excessive secretion of?

A

TGF-alpha

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9
Q

Menetrier Disease involves hyperplasia of what epithelial cells?

A

Mucous cells

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10
Q

What inflammatory cell infiltrate is seen with Menetrier Disease?

A

Lymphocytes

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11
Q

Symptoms and association for Menetrier Disease?

A
  • Associated with Adenocarcinoma

= Hypoproteinemia, weight loss, diarrhea

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12
Q

Blood symptoms of Menetrier Disease?

A

Hypoproteinemia

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13
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome involves excessive secretion of?

A

Gastrin-secreting neuroendocrine tymors

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14
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome involves hyperplasia of what epithelial cells?

A

Parietal cells

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15
Q

What inflammatory cell infiltrate is seen with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

Peptic ulcers

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17
Q

2 types of Gastric Polyps?

A

Inflammatory and Hyperplastic polyps

Fundic Gland polyps

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18
Q

2 types of Gastric Polyps?

A

Inflammatory and Hyperplastic Polyps

Fundic Gland Polyps

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19
Q

What causes Inflammatory and Hyperplastic Gastric Polyps?

A

H.pylori and Chronic Gastritis

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20
Q

What can Inflammatory and Hyperplastic Gastric Polyps cause?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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21
Q

What causes Fundic Gland Polyps?

A

Sporadic
FAP - mutations in APC gene
PPIs

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22
Q

What causes Fundic Gland Polyps?

A

Sporadic
FAP - mutations in APC gene
PPIs

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23
Q

Symptoms of Fundic Gland Polyps?

A

No symptoms or nausea

24
Q

4 common malignancies of the stomach?

A

Adenocarcinoma
MALT lymphoma
Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid
GIST

25
Q

4 common malignancies of the stomach?

A

Adenocarcinoma
MALT lymphoma
Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid
GIST

26
Q

2 types of Gastric Adenocarcinomas?

A

Intestinal type

Diffuse type

27
Q

Intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma forms?

A

Bulky masses that are glandular

28
Q

Bulky, glandular masses are seen with what gastric adenocarcinoma type?

A

Intestinal

29
Q

Diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma forms?

A

Thickened gastric wall

- presence of signet cells

30
Q

Thickened gastric wall with signet cells is seen with what gastric adenocarcinoma type?

A

Diffuse

31
Q

What mutations are present with Intestinal type adenocarcinoma?

A

Increased WNT signaling and Beta-catenin

Decreased APC gene

32
Q

What mutation is present with Diffuse type adenocarcinoma?

A

Loss of E-cadherin

33
Q

What locations of the stomach are usually affected with gastric adenocarcinomas?

A

Lesser curvature and antrum

34
Q

What precursor lesions are commonly present with gastric adenocarcinomas?

A

Gastric dysplasia

Gastric adenoma

35
Q

This stomach malignancy is most common in japan, chile, costa rica?

A

Gastric Adenocarcinomas

36
Q

What metastases are common with Gastric Adenocarcinomas?

A 
Virchow's node
Irish node (axilla)
Krukenberg tumor (bilateral ovaries)
37
Q

What causes MALT lymphomas?

A

H.pylori and chronic gastritis

38
Q

What can cure MALT lymphomas?

A

Eradicating H.pylori

39
Q

What translocation and result of that are common with MALT lymphomas?

A

t(11:18)(q21:q21)

= (+) NF-KB ==> B cell growth and survival

40
Q

What translocation and result of that are common with MALT lymphomas?

A

t(11;18)(q21:q21)

= (+) NF-KB ==> B cell growth and survival

41
Q

MALT lymphomas have a dense ____ infiltrate

A

Lymphocytic infiltrate

42
Q

MALT lymphomas have a dense lymphocytic infiltrate. What does that create?

A

Lymphoepithelial lesions

43
Q

What markers will be (+) with MALT lymphomas?

A

CD19, CD20, CD43

- look similar to diffuse large b cell lymphomas

44
Q

What symptoms are present with Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid neoplasms?

A

Flushing, sweating, bronchospasm

Right cardiac valvular fibrosis

45
Q

A circumscribed yellow mass with salt and pepper chromatin is?

A

Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid neoplasm

46
Q

What neoplasm (+) for synaptophysin, chromogranin and NSE?

A

Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid neoplasm

47
Q

What 3 things do Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid neoplasms secrete?

A

Serotonin
Substance P
Polypeptide YY

48
Q

Symptoms of Neuroendocrine/Carcinoid neoplasms?

A

Flushing, sweating, bronchospasm

Right cardiac valvular fibrosis

49
Q

GIST

A

GI Stromal Tumor

50
Q

What is the only mesenchymal GI tumor?

A

GIST

51
Q

From what cells do GISTs arise?

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

52
Q

Interstitial cells of Cajal can give rise to?

A

GISTs

53
Q

GISTs usually involve gain of function mutations in?

A

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase - KIT

PDGFRA

54
Q

What should you treat GISTS with the usual mutations with?

A

Mutations in - KIT and PDGFRA

= Treat with Imatinib

55
Q

Symptoms of GISTs?

A

Large masses, anemia, bleeding

- usually accidental discovery

GI - 2 (61 decks)

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