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GI - 2 > Diarrhea > Flashcards

Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

With Diarrhea, what electrolytes will be low?

A

Bicarbonate

Potassium

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2
Q

Acute Diarrhea is less than?

A

2 weeks

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3
Q

Chronic Diarrhea is more than?

A

4 weeks

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4
Q

Acute Diarrhea can be classified into what categories?

A
  • Infectious

- Non-infectious

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5
Q

Non-infectious Acute Diarrhea can be classified into what categories?

A
  • Inflammatory

- Non-inflammatory

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6
Q

Inflammatory acute diarrhea

A

Blood and pus in stool

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7
Q

Non-inflammatory acute diarrhea

A

Watery

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8
Q

What 2 things are common causes for Non-inflammatory Acute diarrhea?

A

Meds
Foods
(watery diarrhea)

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9
Q

Most cases of Antibiotic - Associated Diarrhea are NOT attributable to?

A

C. Difficile

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10
Q

What classificati/on does Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea fall into

A

Acute Diarrhea
- Non-infectious
– Non-inflammatory
= Watery diarrhea

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11
Q

Antibiotic - Associated Diarrhea occurs while taking an antibiotic. When does it resolve?

A

After medication discontinuation

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12
Q

3 most common causes of Chronic Diarrhea?

A

Lactose Intolerance
IBS
Medications

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13
Q

3 most common causes of Chronic Diarrhea?

A

Lactose Intolerance
IBS
Medications

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14
Q

Diagnostic for Chronic Diarrhea?

A

Endoscopic examination and mucosal biopsy

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15
Q

Secretory Diarrhea

A

HIGH volume watery diarrhea

- persists during fasting

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16
Q

Osmotic Diarrhea

A

Increased osmotic gap and gas production

- stops during fasting

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17
Q

A majority of the diarrheas in this lecture are?

A

Osmotic Diarrhea

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18
Q

3 things that characterize IBS?

A

Altered bowel habits
Abdominal pain
Absence of organic pathology

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19
Q

What causes IBS?

A

Abnormal GI motility

Enhanced visceral sensation

20
Q

3 things that characterize IBS?

A

Altered bowel habits
Abdominal pain
Absence of organic pathology

21
Q

How do you treat IBS?

A

Low FODMAP diet

22
Q

Alarm symptoms will not be present with?

A

3 main causes of chronic diarrhea

= Lactose Intolerance, IBS, Meds

23
Q

What are some Alarm symptoms?

A 
Acute onset
Nocturnal diarrhea
Fever and weight loss
Blood in the stool
FH of cancer, IBD, Celiac disease
24
Q

What are some Alarm symptoms?

A 
Acute onset
Nocturnal diarrhea
Fever and weight loss
Blood in stool
FH of cancer, IBD, Celiac disease
25
Q

Secondary Lactase Deficiency can be caused by?

A

Crohn Disease

Celiac Disease

26
Q

What test can diagnose Lactase Deficiency?

A

Hydrogen breath test

27
Q

What causes Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

A

Clostridiodes Difficile

28
Q

What toxins does C. Difficile produce?

A

Cytotoxin A and B

29
Q

What is the stool like for C. Difficile - Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

A

Greenish, foul smelling, watery diarrhea 5-15 times a day

30
Q

Greenish, foul smelling, watery diarrhea 5-15 times a day could indicate?

A

C. Difficile – Antibiotic - Associated Colitis

31
Q

What changes in the bowel will be seen with Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

A 
Pseudomembranous Colitis (yellow adherent plaques)
Volcano exudate of fibrin and neutrophils
32
Q

For C. Difficile, what sanitization is adequate?

A

Wash hands with soap and water

33
Q

What are risk factors for C. Difficile - Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

A

Age
Hospitalizations
Multiple/prolonged antibiotic use

34
Q

Ex. of antibiotics that can cause C. Difficile - Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

A

Ampicillin
Clindamycin
Cephalosporins
Fluoroquinadones

35
Q

Complications of C. Difficile - Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

A

Toxic Megacolon
Hemodynamic instability
Perforation and death

36
Q

What 2 things are seen on endoscopy of the bowel with Celiac Disease?

A

Loss of villi

Atrophy of duodenal folds

37
Q

What 2 things are seen on endoscopy of the bowel with Celiac Disease?

A

Loss of villi

Atrophy of duodenal folds

38
Q

Where are Bile salts absorbed?

A

Ileum

39
Q

Bile Salt Malabsorption involves loss of bile salts. What condition can impair their resorption?

A

Crohn Disease

– Affects Ileum!!

40
Q

Symptoms of Bile Salt Malabsorption?

A

Steatorrhea
Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Watery - secretory diarrhea

41
Q

What are possible complications of Bile Salt Malabsorption?

A

Osteoporosis, Bleeding issues, Hypocalcemia

== Due to decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

42
Q

Symptoms of Fecal Impaction?

A

Paradoxical Diarrhea

= Liquid stool leaks around impacted feces (overflow incontinence)

43
Q

Symptoms of Fecal Impaction?

A

Paradoxical Diarrhea

= Liquid stool leaks around impacted feces (overflow incontinence)

44
Q

What is a complication of Chronic Laxative use?

A

Melanosis Coli

45
Q

What is Melanosis Coli?

A

Complication of Chronic laxative use

= BENIGN hyperpigmentation of colon

GI - 2 (61 decks)

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