18-7 Flashcards
What are 3 benign lesions of the liver?
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Cavernous Hemangioma
Hepatocellular Adenoma
Benign, NON-neoplastic lesion of the liver
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
What usually causes Focal Nodular Hyperplasia?
Altered blood flow
Morphologic finding on Focal Nodular Hyperplasia?
Central Stellate scar
- maplike pattern of cytoplasmic GS staining
Morphologic finding on Focal Nodular Hyperplasia?
Central Stellate scar
- maplike pattern of cytoplasmic GS staining
Symptoms of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia?
Asymptomatic – seen on imaging
Most common Benign Liver Tumor?
Cavernous Hemangioma
Benign, red and blue soft nodule?
Cavernous Hemangioma
Benign neoplasm most often in young women who use oral contraceptives or anabolic steroids?
Hepatocellular adenoma
Usage of what often is associated with Hepatocellular Adenoma?
Oral contraceptives
Anabolic steroids
Symptoms of Hepatocellular Adenoma?
Asymptomatic or bleeding in the abdomen
3 subtypes of Hepatocellular Adenoma?
- HNF1alpha Inactivated
- Inflammatory
- Beta-catenin activated
HNF1alpha inactivated Hepatocellular Adenoma risk for malignant transformation?
Minimal
Inflammatory Hepatocellular Adenoma risk for malignant transformation?
Higher risk
Beta-catenin activated Hepatocellular Adenoma risk for malignant transformation?
HIGH risk
The Inflammatory Hepatocellula Adenoma has an activating mutation in?
gp130 ==> (+) JAK-STAT
Malignant liver tumor of EARLY CHILDHOOD
Hepatoblastoma
Hepatoblastoma
Malignant liver tumor of EARLY CHILDHOOD
2 types of Hepatoblastomas?
- Epithelial type - fetal cells
2. Mixed type - epithelial + mesenchymal (muscle/cartilage)
What is the only sign of Hepatoblastoma?
Abdominal swelling
Abdominal swelling in a child?
Hepatoblastoma
What is the most common malignancy of hepatocytes?
HCC - hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma is associated with HCV, HBV, metabolic syndrome and chronic liver disease. What toxin is it associated with on corn?
Aflatoxin = Aspergillus
What are the common mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Beta-catenin and TERT
Common symptoms of HCC?
Abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, weight loss
Is the survival rate good for HCC?
No - due to underlying liver conditions
What is a subtype of HCC that has slightly better survival rate?
Fibrolamellar HCC = hard scirrhous tumor
– NO predisposing conditions
What is a subtype of HCC that has slightly better survival rate?
Fibrolamellar HCC = hard scirrhous tumor
– NO predisposing conditions
What molecular changes are seen with Fibrolamellar HCC?
Fusion gene –> (+) Protein kinase A => (+) cAMP
Malignancy of intrahepatic biliary tree
Cholangiocarcinoma
Malignancy of intrahepatic biliary tree
Cholangiocarcinoma
Infestation with ____ in the liver often is associated with Cholangiocarcinomas
Flukes
Cholangiocarcinoma mutations usually involve?
KRAS
What usually cause Angiosarcomas?
Thorotrast
Vinyl Chloride
Malignant vascular tumor
Angiosarcoma
Most common Hepatic Lymphoma type?
Diffuse large B cell Lymphoma
Metastasis of malignancy to the liver can occur with any neoplasm. What are the 4 most common?
Colon
Breast
Lung
Pancreas
Metastasis of malignancy to the liver can occur with any neoplasm. What are the 4 most common?
Colon
Breast
Lung
Pancreas
What is often the only sign of metastasis to the liver?
Hepatomegaly
What is often the only sign of metastasis to the liver?
Hepatomegaly
