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GI - 2 > 18-7 > Flashcards

18-7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 benign lesions of the liver?

A

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Cavernous Hemangioma
Hepatocellular Adenoma

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2
Q

Benign, NON-neoplastic lesion of the liver

A

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

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3
Q

What usually causes Focal Nodular Hyperplasia?

A

Altered blood flow

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4
Q

Morphologic finding on Focal Nodular Hyperplasia?

A

Central Stellate scar

- maplike pattern of cytoplasmic GS staining

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5
Q

Morphologic finding on Focal Nodular Hyperplasia?

A

Central Stellate scar

- maplike pattern of cytoplasmic GS staining

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6
Q

Symptoms of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia?

A

Asymptomatic – seen on imaging

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7
Q

Most common Benign Liver Tumor?

A

Cavernous Hemangioma

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8
Q

Benign, red and blue soft nodule?

A

Cavernous Hemangioma

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9
Q

Benign neoplasm most often in young women who use oral contraceptives or anabolic steroids?

A

Hepatocellular adenoma

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10
Q

Usage of what often is associated with Hepatocellular Adenoma?

A

Oral contraceptives

Anabolic steroids

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11
Q

Symptoms of Hepatocellular Adenoma?

A

Asymptomatic or bleeding in the abdomen

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12
Q

3 subtypes of Hepatocellular Adenoma?

A
  1. HNF1alpha Inactivated
  2. Inflammatory
  3. Beta-catenin activated
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13
Q

HNF1alpha inactivated Hepatocellular Adenoma risk for malignant transformation?

A

Minimal

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14
Q

Inflammatory Hepatocellular Adenoma risk for malignant transformation?

A

Higher risk

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15
Q

Beta-catenin activated Hepatocellular Adenoma risk for malignant transformation?

A

HIGH risk

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16
Q

The Inflammatory Hepatocellula Adenoma has an activating mutation in?

A

gp130 ==> (+) JAK-STAT

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17
Q

Malignant liver tumor of EARLY CHILDHOOD

A

Hepatoblastoma

18
Q

Hepatoblastoma

A

Malignant liver tumor of EARLY CHILDHOOD

19
Q

2 types of Hepatoblastomas?

A
  1. Epithelial type - fetal cells

2. Mixed type - epithelial + mesenchymal (muscle/cartilage)

20
Q

What is the only sign of Hepatoblastoma?

A

Abdominal swelling

21
Q

Abdominal swelling in a child?

A

Hepatoblastoma

22
Q

What is the most common malignancy of hepatocytes?

A

HCC - hepatocellular carcinoma

23
Q

Hepatocellular Carcinoma is associated with HCV, HBV, metabolic syndrome and chronic liver disease. What toxin is it associated with on corn?

A

Aflatoxin = Aspergillus

24
Q

What are the common mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A

Beta-catenin and TERT

25
Q

Common symptoms of HCC?

A

Abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, weight loss

26
Q

Is the survival rate good for HCC?

A

No - due to underlying liver conditions

27
Q

What is a subtype of HCC that has slightly better survival rate?

A

Fibrolamellar HCC = hard scirrhous tumor

– NO predisposing conditions

28
Q

What is a subtype of HCC that has slightly better survival rate?

A

Fibrolamellar HCC = hard scirrhous tumor

– NO predisposing conditions

29
Q

What molecular changes are seen with Fibrolamellar HCC?

A

Fusion gene –> (+) Protein kinase A => (+) cAMP

30
Q

Malignancy of intrahepatic biliary tree

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

31
Q

Malignancy of intrahepatic biliary tree

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

32
Q

Infestation with ____ in the liver often is associated with Cholangiocarcinomas

A

Flukes

33
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma mutations usually involve?

A

KRAS

34
Q

What usually cause Angiosarcomas?

A

Thorotrast

Vinyl Chloride

35
Q

Malignant vascular tumor

A

Angiosarcoma

36
Q

Most common Hepatic Lymphoma type?

A

Diffuse large B cell Lymphoma

37
Q

Metastasis of malignancy to the liver can occur with any neoplasm. What are the 4 most common?

A

Colon
Breast
Lung
Pancreas

38
Q

Metastasis of malignancy to the liver can occur with any neoplasm. What are the 4 most common?

A

Colon
Breast
Lung
Pancreas

39
Q

What is often the only sign of metastasis to the liver?

A

Hepatomegaly

40
Q

What is often the only sign of metastasis to the liver?

A

Hepatomegaly

GI - 2 (61 decks)

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