17-9 -- Anus/Appendix

Question 1

What causes Hemorrhoids?

Answer 1

Secondary to increased venous pressure within hemorrhoidal plexus

Question 2

3 times when you are at an increased risk of developing Hemorrhoids?

Answer 2

Straining when defecating
Pregnancy - venous stasis
Portal HTN

Question 3

3 times when you are at an increased risk of developing Hemorrhoids?

Answer 3

Straining when defecating
Pregnancy - venous stasis
Portal HTN

Question 4

Bright red rectal bleeding may be a sign of?

Answer 4

Hemorrhoid

Question 5

Painless hemorrhoid location

Answer 5

Internal - above pectinate line

Question 6

Painful hemorrhoid location

Answer 6

External - below pectinate line

Question 7

Tumors above the pectinate line =

Answer 7

Adenocarcinomas

Question 8

Tumors below the pectinate line =

Answer 8

Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Question 9

Tumors of the anal canal spread to what lymph nodes?

Answer 9

Superficial Inguinal

Question 10

True diverticulum of cecum

Answer 10

Appendix

Question 11

Acute Appendicitis is common in ____ people

Answer 11

Young

Question 12

What are some potential causes of Acute Appendicitis?

Answer 12

• increased intraluminal pressure that compromises venous outflow
• luminal obstruction

Question 13

What are some potential causes of Acute Appendicitis?

Answer 13

• increased intraluminal pressure that compromises venous outflow
• luminal obstruction

Question 14

What may cause luminal obstruction that leads to Acute Appendicitis?

Answer 14

Stool, Gallstones, tumor, fecalith, worms

Question 15

To diagnose Acute Appendicitis, what must you see?

Answer 15

Neutrophilic infiltration of muscularis propria

Question 16

To diagnose Acute Appendicitis, what must you see?

Answer 16

Neutrophilic infiltration of muscularis propria

Question 17

Symptoms of Acute Appendicitis?

Answer 17

RLQ pain, N/V, fever, increased WBC

Question 18

3 other tumors of the appendix?

Answer 18

Neuroendocine (carcinoid)
Adenomas/Carcinomas
Mucinous neoplasms

Question 19

What sign will be seen with Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors of the appendix?

Answer 19

Swelling at the distal tip

Question 20

Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix can cause?

Answer 20

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei = accumulation of mucinous ascites

Question 21

What usually causes Peritonitis?

Answer 21

Leakage of enzymes

Bacterial invasion

Question 22

What will be seen with Sclerosing Retroperitonitis?

Answer 22

Dense fibrosis that may involve mesentary

Question 23

What will be seen with Sclerosing Retroperitonitis?

Answer 23

Dense fibrosis that may involve mesentary

Question 24

Primary tumor of peritoneum is usually caused by?

Answer 24

Asbestos

Question 25

Secondary tumors of the peritoneum are usually caused by?

Answer 25

Direct spread or metastasis