17-9 -- Anus/Appendix Flashcards
What causes Hemorrhoids?
Secondary to increased venous pressure within hemorrhoidal plexus
3 times when you are at an increased risk of developing Hemorrhoids?
Straining when defecating
Pregnancy - venous stasis
Portal HTN
3 times when you are at an increased risk of developing Hemorrhoids?
Straining when defecating
Pregnancy - venous stasis
Portal HTN
Bright red rectal bleeding may be a sign of?
Hemorrhoid
Painless hemorrhoid location
Internal - above pectinate line
Painful hemorrhoid location
External - below pectinate line
Tumors above the pectinate line =
Adenocarcinomas
Tumors below the pectinate line =
Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Tumors of the anal canal spread to what lymph nodes?
Superficial Inguinal
True diverticulum of cecum
Appendix
Acute Appendicitis is common in ____ people
Young
What are some potential causes of Acute Appendicitis?
- increased intraluminal pressure that compromises venous outflow
- luminal obstruction
What are some potential causes of Acute Appendicitis?
- increased intraluminal pressure that compromises venous outflow
- luminal obstruction
What may cause luminal obstruction that leads to Acute Appendicitis?
Stool, Gallstones, tumor, fecalith, worms
To diagnose Acute Appendicitis, what must you see?
Neutrophilic infiltration of muscularis propria
To diagnose Acute Appendicitis, what must you see?
Neutrophilic infiltration of muscularis propria
Symptoms of Acute Appendicitis?
RLQ pain, N/V, fever, increased WBC
3 other tumors of the appendix?
Neuroendocine (carcinoid)
Adenomas/Carcinomas
Mucinous neoplasms
What sign will be seen with Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors of the appendix?
Swelling at the distal tip
Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix can cause?
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei = accumulation of mucinous ascites
What usually causes Peritonitis?
Leakage of enzymes
Bacterial invasion
What will be seen with Sclerosing Retroperitonitis?
Dense fibrosis that may involve mesentary
What will be seen with Sclerosing Retroperitonitis?
Dense fibrosis that may involve mesentary
Primary tumor of peritoneum is usually caused by?
Asbestos
Secondary tumors of the peritoneum are usually caused by?
Direct spread or metastasis
