Immuno IBD

Question 1

IBD involves 2 disorders that involve?

Answer 1

Chronic Inflammation of the GI tract

Question 2

Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 2

Chronic inflammation of colon and rectum

Question 3

Crohns Disease

Answer 3

Chronic inflammation that can occur anywhere along the GI tract (not usually rectum)

Question 4

What hypothesis explains the increasing incidence of IBD?

Answer 4

Hygiene Hypothesis

Question 5

Genetics and immune mechanisms both cause IBD. Inappropriate interactions between what things occurs?

Answer 5

Bacteria and immune system

Question 6

IBD involves increased ______ that causes impairment of GI structure and function

Answer 6

Intestinal permeability

Question 7

IBD involves increased intestinal permeability. This allows what to cross the mucosal barrier and results in?

Answer 7

Bacteria crosses barrier and (+) innate and adaptive immune responses!

Question 8

IBD develops due to what 2 main things?

Answer 8

1. Dysbiosis - disequilibrium of microbials in normal microbiota
2. Mucosal inflammation

Question 9

IBD develops due to what 2 main things?

Answer 9

1. Dysbiosis - disequilibrium of microbials in normal microbiota
2. Mucosal inflammation

Question 10

Which IBD usually involves disruption of barrier function?

Answer 10

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 11

Which IBD usually involves dysfunction of microbe sensing?

Answer 11

Crohns Disease

Question 12

What factors are necessary to initiate IBD?

Answer 12

Environmental factors

Question 13

Environmental factors are necessary to initiate IBD. They act on both?

Answer 13

Genes

Immune system

Question 14

What is the purpose of normal gut microbiota?

Answer 14

• Protects against pathogens
• Facilitates digestion
• Provides immune survillance

Question 15

IBD develops in areas of ____ bacterial concentration

Answer 15

HIGH

Question 16

With IBD, antibodies and lymphocytes are present against ___ antigens

Answer 16

Fecal

Question 17

What are the 4 main components of microbiome?

Answer 17

1. Bacteroidetes **
2. Firmicutes *
3. Proteobacteria
4. Actinobacteria

Question 18

What are the 4 main components of microbiome?

Answer 18

1. Bacteriodetes **
2. Firmicutes *
3. Proteobacteria
4. Actinobacteria

Question 19

What can control the components of microbiome?

Answer 19

DIET

Question 20

Dysbiosis of microbiome components causes IBD. Which components of microbiome are altered with Ulcerative Colitis?

Answer 20

INCREASED Proteobacteria

- normally low with normal microbiome

Question 21

Dysbiosis of microbiome components causes IBD. Which components of microbiome are altered with Crohn’s Disease?

Answer 21

INCREASED Firmicutes and Actinobacteria

Question 22

Increased Proteobacteria in microbiome?

Answer 22

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 23

Increased Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in microbiome?

Answer 23

Crohn’s Disease

Question 24

Diet controls components of microbiome. What type of diets increase normal components?

Answer 24

High protein and High carbs

Question 25

Diet controls components of microbiome. What type of diets decreased normal components?

Answer 25

High fat

Question 26

Diet controls components of microbiome. What changes can HIGH fiber make to the microbiome?

Answer 26

INCREASES Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria | DECREASES Firmicutes and Proteobacteria

Question 27

Does IBD occur in germ-free environments?

Answer 27

NO

Question 28

Babies from IBD women have?

Answer 28

Decreased bacterial diversity and altered composition

Question 29

No specific microbes have been linked to development of IBD. What infections can increased your risk of developing?

Answer 29

Gastroenteritis (salmonella/campylobacter)

Question 30

No specific microbes have been linked to development of IBD. What infections can decrease your risk of developing?

Answer 30

Helminths colonization

Question 31

Are mutations associated with the genetic aspect of IBD?

Answer 31

NOOO | = Single nucleotide polymorphisms!!

Question 32

What genetic changes are associated with IBD?

Answer 32

SNPs | = Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 33

SNPs

Answer 33

Single nucleotide polymorphisms | Alleles that differ at a single base

Question 34

A common susceptibility locus is found on what chromosome?

Answer 34

16

Question 35

What susceptibility locus is found on chromosome 16?

Answer 35

IBD-1

Question 36

What genes does IBD-1 have?

Answer 36

CARD15/NOD2

Question 37

In what cells are CARD15/NOD2 expressed?

Answer 37

Macrophages and Dendritic cells

Question 38

CARD15/NOD2 is a?

Answer 38

Pattern recognition receptor

Question 39

What pattern does CARD15/NOD2 recognize?

Answer 39

MDP = peptide in all bacteria

Question 40

When CARD15/NOD2 recognize MDP, what do they activate?

Answer 40

NF-KB = INFLAMMATION

Question 41

SNPs in CARD15/NOD2 then ultimately cause?

Answer 41

(-) of NF-KB and inflammation | = IBD

Question 42

Somehow defects in CARD15/NOD2 (-) inflammation. How does this actually cause inflammation with IBD?

Answer 42

1. Defective Macrophage function 2. Defective Epithelial cell responses 3. Defective APC conditioning

Question 43

Somehow defects in CARD15/NOD2 (-) inflammation. How does this actually cause inflammation with IBD?

Answer 43

1. Defective Macrophage function 2. Defective Epithelial cell responses 3. Defective APC conditioning

Question 44

Defective macrophage function causes?

Answer 44

Chronic T cell stimulation

Question 45

Defective epithelial cell responses causes?

Answer 45

Loss of barrier

Question 46

Defective APC conditioning causes?

Answer 46

Inappropriate activation of APCs

Question 47

SNPs in CARD15/NOD2 then ultimately cause?

Answer 47

(-) of NF-KB and inflammation | = IBD