18-2 Flashcards
Hepatitis A
RNA
Fecal - oral; Contaminated raw shellfish
Acute
What is the incubation period for Hepatitis A?
2-6 weeks
When is HAV shed in the stool?
2-3 weeks before and 1 week after onset of jaundice
Symptoms of Hepatitis A?
Fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice
- Rash, arthralgia, immune complex mediated complications
Symptoms of Hepatitis A?
Fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice
- Rash, arthralgia, immune complex mediated complications
What marker is (+) for Hepatitis A?
IgM
Hepatitis B
DNA
Blood; Needles; MOTHER TO BABY (vertical)
Rarely chronic
What is the incubation period for Hepatitis B?
2-26 weeks
What are the 4 main presentations for Hepatitis B infection?
- Acute Hepatitis –> recovery
- Acute liver failure with massive necrosis
- Chronic Hepatitis w/ or w/o cirrhosis
- Asymptomatic carrier
What are the 4 main presentations for Hepatitis B infection?
- Acute Hepatitis –> recovery
- Acute liver failure with massive necrosis
- Chronic Hepatitis w/ or w/o cirrhosis
- Asymptomatic carrier
What markers will be (+) with Hepatitis B?
(+) HBV DNA
(+) HBsAg
(+) HBcAg antibodies
What does the outcome of Hepatitis B infection depend on?
Immune response
Resolution is more likely with Hepatitis B infection if what immune response occurs?
CD4 and CD8 T cells release IFN-gamma
Hepatitis C
RNA
Blood; needles
CHRONIC
What is the incubation period for Hepatitis C?
4-26 weeks
Symptoms of Hepatitis C?
Asymptomatic
Symptoms of Hepatitis C?
Asymptomatic
Lab markers for Hepatitis C?
Fluctuating AST/ALT is seen with Chronic HCV
What types of things can cause progression of HCV towards chronic HCV and cirrhosis?
Older males, alcohol, obesity and diabetes
What is the reason that many are unable to eradicate HCV infection?
Genetic variants
Morphology of ACUTE viral hepatitis?
Lymphocyte, plasma cell and eosinophil inflammatory infiltrate
Morphology of ACUTE viral hepatitis?
Lymphocyte, plasma cell and eosinophil inflammatory infiltrate
Necrosis or Apoptosis of hepatocytes with ACUTE viral hepatitis may occur. What quality of macrophages will be seen?
Pigmented
Main morphologic sign with CHRONIC viral hepatitis?
Portal lymphocytic inflammation with fibrosis and scarring
Main morphologic sign with CHRONIC viral hepatitis?
Portal lymphocytic inflammation with fibrosis and scarring
Interface activity can be seen with CHRONIC viral hepatitis. What is that?
Inflammatory cells cross limiting plate and injure periportal hepatocytes
Interface activity can be seen with CHRONIC viral hepatitis. What is that?
Inflammatory cells cross limiting plate and injure periportal hepatocytes
Due to the fibrosis that occurs with CHRONIC viral hepatitis, what usually results?
Cirrhosis
Main morphologic sign of CHRONIC HBV?
Ground glass hepatocytes
Ground glass hepatocytes are seen with?
Chronic Hepatitis B
What are ground glass hepatocytes?
- seen with chronic hepatitis B
= swollen endoplasmic reticulum with HBsAg
Main morphologic sign of CHRONIC HCV?
Lymphoid follicles in portal tract
Lymphoid follicles in portal tract are seen with?
Chronic Hepatitis C
Steatosis and bile duct injury are other common morphologic features of which chronic hepatitis?
C
Portal lymphocytic inflammation with fibrosis and scarring is seen with what type of hepatitis?
CHRONIC
