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GI - 2 > 17-6 -- Infectious Enterocolitis > Flashcards

17-6 -- Infectious Enterocolitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the reservoirs for Vibrio Cholerae?

A

Fish and Plankton

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2
Q

Transmission for Vibrio Cholerae?

A

Contaminated water

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3
Q

Pathogenesis for Vibrio Cholerae?

A
  • Bacteria releases Cholera Toxin
  • Toxin causes CFTR channel to open
  • Cl-, bicarbonate and Na+ accumulate in lumen
    = Draws water into lumen
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4
Q

Symptoms of Vibrio Cholerae?

A

Rice water, fishy odor diarrhea

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5
Q

The Cholera toxin causes what channel to open?

A

CFTR = Cl- allowed into lumen

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6
Q

Ingestion of _____ causes Campylobacter Jejuni

A

Undercooked chicken

Unpasteurized milk and contaminated water

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7
Q

Campylobacter Jejuni virulence is due to what 4 things?

A

Motility
Adherence
Toxin production
Invasion

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8
Q

Campylobacter Jejuni symptoms?

A

Bloody diarrhea, Enteric fever
Reactive Arthritis, Erythema Nodosum
Guillain-Barre Syndrome

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9
Q

Campylobacter Jejuni can cause Reactive Arthritis is those with what HLA?

A

HLA-B27

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10
Q

What main syndrome/symptoms are seen with Campylobacter Jejuni?

A

Guillain - Barre Syndrome

= Ascending flaccid paralysis

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11
Q

Guillain - Barre Syndrome = Ascending flaccid paralysis is seen with?

A

Campylobacter Jejuni

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12
Q

Reservoir for Shigella and transmission type?

A 
Reservoir = humans
Transmission = fecal - oral; contaminated food/water
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13
Q

Where is Shigella infection common?

A

Daycares, nursing homes, low resource countries and migrant workers

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14
Q

Shigella is resistant to gastric acid. What cells does it infiltrate and proliferate in?

A

M cells

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15
Q

Shigella enters M cells. Where anatomically, is that often located?

A

Left colon

- M cells in dome epithelium

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16
Q

Shigella causes apoptosis of?

A

Macrophages

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17
Q

Symptoms of Shigella?

A

Bloody diarrhea, aphthous ulcers

- can mimic ulcerative colitis with waxing and waning diarrhea

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18
Q

The severity of symptoms for Shigella is greater in?

A

Children

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19
Q

In those with Shigella, what should you NOT give them?

A

Antidiarrheal - prolongs infection

20
Q

Possible complications of Shigella?

A

Megacolon (left colon)
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Reactive Arthritis

21
Q

What infection can mimic ulcerative colitis with waxing and waning bloody diarrhea?

A

Shigella

22
Q

Salmonella arises from ingestion of ____ or from?

A

Ingestion of undercooked meat

From person to person

23
Q

Salmonella can occur more frequently in those with decreased?

A

Gastric acid production

24
Q

3 types of Salmonella strains and what they are common in/cause?

A

S. Paratyphi - travelers
S. typhi - typhoid fever
S. enteritidis - gastroenteritis and food poisoning

25
Q

Where can S. Paratyphi and S. Typhi colonize?

A

Gallbladder = Gallstones and chronic carrier

26
Q

Chronic carrier of S. Typhi (typhoid fever) has S. typhi colonized where?

A

Gallbladder

27
Q

If Typhoid fever disseminates via lymph and blood, what can it cause?

A

Meningitis, seizures, endocarditis, etc.

28
Q

What morphologic (3) changes are seen with Typhoid Fever?

A

Enlarged peyers patches
Enlarged spleen
Typhoid nodules on liver
– (macrophages replace hepatocytes)

29
Q

Skin symptoms of Typhoid Fever/Salmonella?

A

Rose spots on the skin

30
Q

Yersinia can arise from ingestion of?

A

Pork, raw milk, contaminated water

31
Q

With Yersinia, what can increase its virulence?

A

IRON

32
Q

Those with chronic forms of ____ are at greater risk for sepsis and death from Yersinia

A

= Anemia and Hemochromatosis

IRON ISSUES

33
Q

What can often be confused with Crohn Disease?

A

Yersinia

34
Q

Symptoms of Yersinia?

A

Nausea, vomiting

Pharyngitis, arthralgia and erythema nodosum

35
Q

What 3 things can increase risks of Clostridiodes Difficile overgrowth?

A

Antibiotics
Increased age
Hospitalizations

36
Q

What main thing does Clostridiodes Difficile cause?

A

Pseudomembranous Colitis

37
Q

What main thing does Clostridiodes Difficile cause?

A

Pseudomembranous Colitis

38
Q

Symptoms of Pseudomembranous Colitis (from C. Difficile)?

A

Fever, Leukocytosis
Cramps, watery diarrhea
Toxic megacolon

39
Q

What can be common in farmers with exposure to soil/animals?

A

Tropheryma Whippelli

whipple disease

40
Q

Tropheryma Whippelli involves impaired?

A

Lymph drainage

41
Q

What molecular changes are seen with Tropheryma Whippelli?

A

Foamy macrophages in SI lamina propria

– Contain PAS (+) granules

42
Q

Foamy macrophages with PAS (+) granules are seen with?

A

Tropheryma Whippelli

43
Q

Triad of symptoms for Tropheryma Whippelli?

A

Malabsorptive diarrhea
Weight loss
Arthralgia

44
Q

Triad of symptoms of Tropheryma Whippelli?

A

Malabsorptive diarrhea
Weight loss
Arthralgia

45
Q

2 common viruses that cause gastroenteritis?

A

Norovirus

Rotavirus - common in children 6-24 months

GI - 2 (61 decks)

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