Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI - 2 > Chronic Liver Disease - part 1 > Flashcards

Chronic Liver Disease - part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What characterizes Chronic Hepatitis?

A

Chronic inflammatory reaction in the liver for at least 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List some common causes of Chronic Hepatitis and what complication they can all result in?

A
  • Viral
  • Autoimmune
  • Alcohol
  • NAFLD
  • Genetic
  • Heart
    == CIRHOSIS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Main transmission for Chronic Viral Hepatitis B?

A

Mother - to - baby

  • 90% chance infant will get chronic infection
  • The younger the child at time of infection, the more likely it will become chronic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What skin manifestation is seen with Hepatitis B?

A

Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Main transmission for Chronic Viral Hepatitis C?

A

Blood (fighters), Needles

– HIV pts commonly co-infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms of Hepatitis C?

A

Mild and Asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What lab findings will be in the serum to diagnose Chronic Viral Hepatitis C?

A

HCV RNA + Ab

Ab W/O RNA = prior infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

AST/ALT and serum cholesterol levels for Chronic Viral Hepatitis C?

A

Normal AST/ALT

LOW serum cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should patients with chronic liver disease get to try and protect them against Hepatitis C?

A

Hepatitis A and B vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Possible complication of Chronic Viral Hepatitis C?

A

Mixed Cryoglobulinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common type of Autoimmune Hepatitis?

A

Type 1 (classic) = anti-smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common type of Autoimmune Hepatitis?

A

Type 1 (classic) - anti-smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Autoimmune Hepatitis usually presents in females with an insidious onset. Describe what you will see with the patient?

A

Healthy appearing young woman with stigmata of cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Autoimmune Hepatitis usually presents in females with an insidious onset. Describe what you will see with the patient?

A

Healthy appearing young woman with stigmata of cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What antibodies will be (+) with Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1?

A

SMA (smooth muscle antibody)

IgG (hypergammaglobulinemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment for Autoimmune Hepatitis?

A

Glucocorticoids and monitor liver function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

AST/ALT levels and bilirubin levels for Autoimmune Hepatitis?

A

AST/ALT > 1000

Elevated Bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease patients often deny?

A

Alcohol use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the progression of Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease

A
  • Steatosis (fatty liver) = asymptomatic hepatomegaly
  • Alcoholic Hepatitis (steatohepatitis)
    = Jaundice, ascites, RUQ pain, GI bleed, encephalopathy
  • Cirrhosis and liver failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Steatosis - > Alcoholic Hepatitis -> Cirrhosis is seen with?

A

Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What part of the continuum that is Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease can be reversible with withdrawal of alcohol?

A

Fatty liver (steatosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AST:ALT ratio with Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease?

A

2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What will be seen on liver biopsy of Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease?

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic hyaline)

24
Q

Treatment for Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease?

A 
Abstain from alcohol
Daily multivitamin
Thiamine 100mg
Folic acid 1 mg
Zinc
25
What should be monitored and why when patients have Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease?
Glucose because glucose administration can require an increased Thiamine requirement to avoid Wernicke-Korsakoff
26
Those with Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease may be eligible for a liver transplant if they are off alcohol for at least?
6 months
27
3 poor prognosis items for Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease?
- Maddrey's Discriminant Function > 32 - Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score - Model for End stage Liver Disease (MELD) > 21
28
Possible complications with Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease?
Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome
29
Wernicke Encephalopathy
Confusion, Ataxia, Abnormal eye movements | = Give thiamine and it will reverse
30
Korsakoff Syndrome
Confabulation and memory issues | = Permanent
31
What is the most common cause of Chronic Liver Disease in US?
Non-Alcohol Induced Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
32
How do you prevent NAFLD?
Physical activity and coffee
33
Who is at increased risk for NAFLD?
Metabolic syndrome patients (obese), etc.
34
Symptoms of NAFLD?
Asymptomatic with hepatomegaly
35
What will be seen on livery biopsy with NAFLD?
Mallory bodies and steatosis | -- Looks the same as alcoholic hepatitis
36
Treatment for NAFLD?
Lifestyle modifications
37
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency arises how?
Genetic; - Deficiency causes alpha 1 antitrypsin to accumulate in liver cells - Liver damage occurs - Decreased release of protease inhibitor
38
With Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, there is decreased release of protease inhibitors, what does that cause?
Protease activity is NOT stopped!! | == Pulmonary emphysema
39
Symptoms of Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency?
Panacinar emphysema of lower lung lobes in young patients
40
What lung lobes are affected with Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency?
Lower
41
What gene on chromosome 14 will have severely decreased Alpha 1 Antitrypsin?
PiZZ
42
Hemochromatosis is inherited how and involves what gene?
``` Autosomal recessive HFE mutation (c282y) ```
43
Hemochromatosis involves increased iron being absorbed at _____ and is stored in tissues as _____
Duodenum | Increased Hemosiderin
44
Describe the progression of Hemochromatosis
- Asymptomatic with increased iron saturation - TETRAD = heart failure, diabetes, bronze skin, cirrhosis with hepatomegaly - Arthropathy and erectile dysfunction
45
What is the Tetrad that will be seen later with Hemochromatosis?
Heart failure Diabetes Bronze skin Cirrhosis with hepatomegaly
46
Hemochromatosis involves iron overload; greater than ____ saturation
> 45% transferrin saturation
47
Who should be screened for HFE mutations?
ALL 1st degree family members
48
Treatments for Hemochromatosis?
- Phlebotomy = depletes iron stores along with deferoxamine - Avoid iron - Liver transplant
49
Wilson Disease is inherited?
Autosomal recessive
50
Describe what happens with Wilson Disease
- Excessive Copper absorption - Impaired copper excretion into the bile via the liver - Copper will not be incorporated into Ceruloplasmin
51
Where will copper accumulate with Wilson Disease and what blood issue does it cause?
Brain, liver, eye and also causes hemolytic anemia
52
Signs of Wilson Disease?
Neurologic manifestations Behavior/emotional changes Kayser-Fleischer ring around the eye
53
Signs of Wilson Disease?
Neurologic manifestations Behavior/emotional changes Kayser-Fleischer ring around the eye
54
Kayser-Fleischer ring around the eye will be seen with?
Wilson Disease | - impaired copper excretion
55
Lab results with Wilson Disease?
LOW ceruloplasmin | MRI shows copper in brain
56
Treatment for Wilson Disease?
Oral Penicillamine to aid chelated copper excretion
57
Treatment for Wilson Disease?
Oral Penicillamine to aid chelated copper excretion

GI - 2 (61 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions