Transcription

Question 1

Where is DNA and ribosomes located in eukaryotes ?

Answer 1

DNA: located in the nucleus

Ribosomes: located in the cytoplasm

Question 2

an experiment that proves that RNA is and intermediary step between DNA and ribosomes

Answer 2

Fancias jacod, and matthew melson, they uses the virus T2

Question 3

The four differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 3

• The sugar in RNA is called ribose containing a highly reactive hydroxyl group
• The base uracil replaces thymine
• The 5’ of RNA is a triosphate
• RNA is a single strand not double

Question 4

Template strand

Answer 4

One part of the DNA helix that is used to transcribe RNA

Question 5

Transcription is produced by

Answer 5

the polymerization of ribonucleotide trisphosate

Question 6

The steps of transcription

Answer 6

Initiation: RNA polymerase and other proteins get attracted to DNA then the DNA strands separate

Elongation: successive nucleotides are added to the 3’ end of the RNA strand

Termination: RNA pol encounters a sequence that ends transcription.

Question 7

Function of DNA double strands during transcription

Answer 7

capture the proteins (promoters)

Question 8

Transcription is started by only one

Answer 8

strand

Question 9

TATA box

Answer 9

refers to the promoter sequences in the non-template strand

Question 10

sigma factor

Answer 10

the promoter region of bacteria cells

Question 11

Promoter recognition in eukaryotes

Answer 11

General transcription factors contain 6 different types of proteins that assemble the promoter of a gene.

Question 12

Transcriptional activation protein

Answer 12

binds to the enhancers on the RNA strand

Question 13

steps of initiation in eukaryotes?

Answer 13

1. Transcriptional activator proteins bind to the enhancer on the DNA sequence
2. The activator attracts a mediator complex of proteins which attracts RNA polymerase to the promoter.
3. if the genes are too far from RNA polymerase, then DNA loops around
4. POL 3 and mediator complex in place transcription starts

Question 14

Role of RNA Polymerase

Answer 14

• add nucleotides to the 3’ end of the transcript elongation
• helps end the process of transcription

Question 15

Steps of polymerization

Answer 15

1. in coming nucleotides that base pairs with the template DNA is accepted
2. The 3-OH of the growing strand attacks the phosphate of the new ribonucleotide for energy to drive the reaction
3. The two phosphates of the new nucleotides are released as pyrophate

Question 16

intiation of transcription and directions

Answer 16

1. DNA starts to unwind template strand is created from RNA
   - new RNA transcript grows from 5-3
   - DNA template strand is the opposite 3-5-
   - The nontemplate strand 5-3
   - RNA polymerase 5-3