Chapter 24.1- Two Prokaryotic domains Flashcards
What are the characteristics of any prokaryotes?
- small in size
- no separation between cytoplasm and DNA
- Smaller size ribosomes
- cell wall made up of peptidoglycan
- Efficient metabolism
Structure of cell wall in bacteria cells
Gram-positive cell wall contains carbohydrates and polysaccharides and a thick layer of peptidoglycan.
Gram-negative cell wall contains two sandwiched lipid bilayers and a thin layer of peptidoglycan
Structure of cell wall in bacteria cells
Gram-positive cell wall contains carbohydrates and polysaccharides and a thick layer of peptidoglycan.
Gram-negative cell wall contains two sandwiched lipid bilayers and a thin layer of peptidoglycan.
Why is a cell size essential for prokaryotic cells?
- A small cell size allows for Molecules that diffuse to reach the cell easier.
- The larger the surface area ratio the better
- Bigger cells make it harder for the cell to receive nutrients
What is horizontal gene transfer?
Horizontal gene transfer allows for bacteria cells to take beneficial genes from other organisms
What is Conjunction gene transfer?
When a pilus connects two bacteria cells that exchange and transfer plasmids
What is Transformation gene transfer?
When DNA released by a dead cell is picked up by an alive cell.
What is Transduction gene transfer?
DNA is introduced by a virus. A virus attached to an affected cell detaches along with additional DNA that gets attached to a new cell.
How are archaea similar or different from bacteria and Eukaryotes?
Similar and different to bacteria: Similar because they both are prokaryotes, do horizontal gene transfer, and are small. Different because Archaea ribosomes are similar to eukaryotes.
Similar and Different to Eukaryotes: Similar because of ribosomes. Different because they are prokaryotes.
