meiotic cell divison

Question 1

The differences between meiotic cell division vs mitosis

Answer 1

• Meiotic cell division results in four daughter cells
• Each daughter cell only contains half of the genetic information
• The four-daughter cell is genetically unique

Question 2

In multicellular animals, the cells produced by meiosis are…

Answer 2

haploid eggs and sperm

Question 3

Meiosis 1:

Answer 3

Homologous chromosomes separate

Question 4

Meiosis 2:

Answer 4

Sister chromatids separate

Question 5

Synapsis

Answer 5

When chromosomes lay in a way to exchange genetic information

Question 6

Bivalent

Answer 6

A pair of synapsed chromosomes

Question 7

non-sister chromotids

Answer 7

Chromatids attached to different centromeres. Not genetically identical

Question 8

Sister chromatids

Answer 8

Replication of a single chromosome, so they are genetically identical.

Question 9

Chiasma

Answer 9

Within a bivalent structure a cross like appearance

Question 10

Crossover

Answer 10

When non-sister chromatids break and form in a way that’s exchanges DNA between maternal and paternal:
- They are done randomly
- They increase genetic diversity
- No nucleotide is gained or loss

Question 11

Prophase 1

Answer 11

1. DNA replication already occurred
2. The chromosomes are fully condensed
3. The nuclear envelop disappears
4. The mitotic spindle forms
5. Charismata is present

Question 12

Pro-metaphase 1

Answer 12

1. The nuclear envelope breaks down
2. The meiotic spindles attach to the kinetochores on the chromosomes

Question 13

Metaphase 1:

Answer 13

1. Homologous pairs line up in the center of the cell
2. Bivalents line up orientated randomly with each other
3. The random alignment of maternal and paternal chromosomes in metaphase 1, increasing genetic diversity

Question 14

Anaphase 1:

Answer 14

1. each bivalent homologous chromosome separates
2. The meiotic spindle pulls them in opposite directions
3. The chromatids remained paired
4. Only one of the chromosomes goes to the pole

Question 15

Telophase 1:

Answer 15

1. The chromosomes may slightly uncoil
2. The nuclear envelope reappears
3. The cytoplasm divides the cell into two

Question 16

Prophase 2:

Answer 16

1. The nuclear envelope breaks down
2. Haploid number of chromosomes present
3. The chromosomes recondense
4. When prophase begins to end the nuclear envelope reappears.

Question 17

Prometaphase 2:

Answer 17

1. Spindle attaches to kinetochores

Question 18

Metaphase 2:

Answer 18

1. The chromosomes line up so that their centromeres lie on the imaginary plane across the spindle

Question 19

Anaphase 2:

Answer 19

1. The centromere of each chromosome splits
2. The separate chromatids get pulled through opposite sides of the poles

Question 20

Telophase 2:

Answer 20

1. The chromosome uncoils becoming decondensed
2. The nuclear envelope reforms around chromosomes
3. The nucleus contains a haploid number of chromosomes

Question 21

The division of cytoplasm depends on the sex

Answer 21

In females:
- Oocyte: receive the large amount of cytoplasm
- Polar bodies: small amount of cytoplasm

In males:
- The cytoplasm is shared equally

Question 22

Sperm

Answer 22

sperm head contains nucleus

Question 23

Sexual reproduction components

Answer 23

• Meiotic cell division
• Fertilization

Question 24

In humans, meiosis takes place

Answer 24

Female: ovaries
Male: testes

Question 25

Zygote

Answer 25

When gametes fuse together during fertilization