Chapter 39.3- The Mammalian kidney

Question 1

Components of the kidney ( location and usuage) for amphibians, fishes, mammals and reptiles

Answer 1

Fishes: the kidney is along the length of the body used for electrolyte balance.

Amphibians: same as fish

Mammals: bean shaped, waster released as urea in water. purpose to maintain a water electrolyte balance

Question 2

What is the function of the kidney?

Answer 2

• osomoregulation
• excretion get rid of waste
• regulate blood pressure and ph

Question 3

What enters the kidney and what exits the kidney?

Answer 3

In: Blood

Out: Purified blood remains in the circulatory system
urine exits

Question 4

What are the names for the outside/inside of the kidney?

Answer 4

cortex: outside of the kidney and at the top of the pyramid.

inner medulla: inside of the kidney and is the narrow end of the pyramid

They have different electrolyte and osomotic balances

Question 5

What is the kidney made up of ? and what does a renal pyramid consist of?

Answer 5

A renal pyramid: 8-12 units that make up the kidney

• every renal pyramid contains 1.25 million nephrons and interstitial fluid

Question 6

Where are the nephrons from the renal tubules located?

Answer 6

they connect from the cortex to the medulla and back

Question 7

How is urine filtered through the kidney?

Answer 7

1. Urine is filtered travels through the renal tubules
2. Urine flows from the collecting ducts of the nephrons into the renal pelvis, then the uerter and then the urinary bladder

Question 8

What is the goal of a nephron?

Answer 8

The goal of the nephron is to process waste products in order to filter out in blood

Question 9

What are the steps of a single nephron activity?

Answer 9

1. Glomerulus
2. Bowman’s capsule
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
   4a. Descending limb of lLH
   4b. Ascending thin segment limb of LH
   4c. Ascending thick segment limb of LH
4. Distal convoluted tubule
5. Collecting duct which slows into the urter to the bladder.

Question 10

How does filtration occur from the Glomerulus to Bowmans capsule?

Answer 10

Blood is filtered through specialized capillaries with openings (fenestrae) in their walls, and make up the glomerulus

Circulatory pressure causes nitrogenous wastes, electrolytes, water, and other solutes move through the pores of the glomerulus into the renal tubules

Question 11

How does reabsorption occur in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 11

The reabsorptions of salts and nutrient in the proximal convoluted tubule requires energy (active transport)

75% of reabsorption takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule: Glucose, Amino acids, Sodium and chloride are reabsorbed here

Question 12

What is the function of the Distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 12

• holds dilute urine
• main site for waste secretion from the bloodstream ( K+,na+,Ca2+)
• also helps regulate PH movement by HCO3 and H+
• fluid moving into the collecting tubule contains primarily urea and other wastes w/ some water

Question 13

What is the function of the collecting duct?

Answer 13

• runs from the cortex to medulla and drains into the renal pelvis at the base of the kidney
• the permeability of water of collecting ducts is controlled by antidiurectic hormone ( ADH)
• when the body is dehydrated, ADH is sent to the collecting tubule and allows more water to enter membrane water is concentrated

Question 14

What is ADH?

Answer 14

• the permeability of water of collecting ducts is controlled by antidiurectic hormone ( ADH)
• Made in the pituitary and secreted by the hyplothalamus

Question 15

What is the effiency of the mammalian kidney?

Answer 15

• filters 180l of liquid 5l being human blood
• humans produce 0.5l of urine kidney recovers 99% of liquid entering the kidney
• recovers almost all of the glucose and amino acids that enter the tubules of the kidney and electrolytes