Organic molecules

Question 1

monomers and polymers of carbohydrates

Answer 1

monomer: monosaccharides

Polymer: polysaccharides

Question 2

Monomers and polymers of proteins

Answer 2

Monomer: amino acids

Polymers: polypeptide

Question 3

Monomers and polymers of lipids

Answer 3

Monomers: Fatty acids and glycerol

Polymers: Lipids

Question 4

Monomers and polymers of nucleic acids

Answer 4

Monomers: Nucleotide

Polymers: Nucleic acids

Question 5

Monosaccharides are made up of…

Answer 5

1. five or six carbon atoms
2. an aldehyde group (H-C=O) or ketone group ( C=O)
3. A hydroxide group present

Question 6

How do monosaccharides form polysaccharides?

Answer 6

• They are attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
• Glycosidic bonds

Question 7

Glycosidic bonds

Answer 7

• form to create carbohydrates by bonding between monosaccharides.
• Carbon bonds with other monosaccharides hydroxyl group
• Involves the lost of a water molecule

Question 8

Function of lipids

Answer 8

• cell membrane
• make up our diet
• signaling molecules

Question 9

Features of a lipid

Answer 9

1. Fatty acid chain ( Hydrocarbon chain attached to a carboxyl group
2. Glycerol is a 3 carbon molecule attached to OH groups
3. Trigrycerol

Question 10

Saturated fatty acids?

Answer 10

• Doesn’t contain any double bonds, meaning they include a lot of hydrogen bonding
• Contains a higher melting point than unsaturated fatty acids

Question 11

what are van der Waals forces ? how do they effect fatty acids and lipids?

Answer 11

• van der Waals forces are when temporarily charges weakly bond together
• They help to stabilize the molecule
• They increase the melting point of the lipid

Question 12

Monomers and polymers of Nucleic acids

Answer 12

Monomers: Nucleotides

Polymers: Nucleic acids

Question 13

Three components if a nucleotide:

Answer 13

1. a five-carbon sugar
2. a base (that contains nitrogen
3. a phosphate group

Question 14

what is the sugar in RNA and DNA called

Answer 14

RNA: ribose
DNA: deoxyribose

Question 15

What are the bases of DNA?

Answer 15

A,T,G, and C

Question 16

What are the bases of RNA?

Answer 16

A,U,G and C

Question 17

what are the single base rings?

Answer 17

The single bases rings are called pyrimidine:
Cytosine (C), Thymine(T), Uracil (U)

Question 18

What are double bases rings ?

Answer 18

They are called purines:
guanine (G) and adenine (A)

Question 19

Triacylglycerol

Answer 19

a lipid that is used for energy storage

Question 20

Bonds that forms DNA/RNA

Answer 20

Phosphodiester bonds include the loss of a water molecule.

The phosphate group in a nucleotide is joined to the sugar group of another.

Question 21

Complimentary bases for DNA

Answer 21

adenine (A) and thymine(T)

Question 22

monomers and polymers of proteins

Answer 22

Monomer: amino acids
Polymer: Protein

Question 23

Structure of amino acid

Answer 23

1. alpha carbon
2. an amino group (NH+)
3. carboxyl group (C=O-OH)
4. An R group

Question 24

How are amino acids chained together?

Answer 24

• Amino acids are chained together by peptide bonds.
• Peptide bonds form between the carbon in the carboxyl group and the nitrogen in an amino group resulting in the loss of water.