Chapter 38.1- Patterns of animal metabolism

Question 1

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 1

It is when an animal uses food sources with carbonhydrates, fats and protiens in order to break it down into ATP

Question 2

What is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 2

An anabolic reaction is when net energy is stored

Question 3

How does pyruvate get utilized in anaerobic environments?

Answer 3

After glycolysis, the 2 molecules of pyruvate gets converted into lactic acid by fermentation in the cytosol. Fermentation provides a short but rapid form of energy

Question 4

How does pyruvate get utilized in aerobic environments?

Answer 4

After glycolysis, pyruvate gets cleaved into the citric acid cycle. The NADH and FADH molecules produced enter the ETC in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 5

How are lipids broken down for energy usage?

Answer 5

Lipids are broken down into fatty aicds and gylcerol. Which enter glycolosis or the citric acid cycle to create ATP by phosphorylation

Question 6

How does energy storage work in animals?

Answer 6

When the body is food deprieved it uses fats and carbohydrates first and protiens as a last resort. Because proteins are ultized to help the body function and contain enzymes.

Question 7

What does an animals metabolic rate tell you?

Answer 7

the amount of oxygen is consumed in a certain amount of time.

Question 8

Describe carbohydrate metabolism in an aerobic enviorment:

Answer 8

• High levels of oxygen
• takes place in the mitochondria
• generates 32 ATP for every molecule consumed

Question 9

Describe carbohydrate metabolism in a anaerobic environment:

Answer 9

• low oxygen
• glycolysis happens in cytosol produces 2 moles of ATP per molecule of glucose

Question 10

What are the three factors that affect metabolic rate and how?

Answer 10

1. Activity level: ATP demand, oxygen consumption and metabolic rate increases with activity
2. Body size: Larger animals consume more energy and have higher metabolic rates
3. Endotherms have higher metabolic rates than ectotherms

Question 11

What is the rate of change in metabolic rates?

Answer 11

• not 1:1 but increases to the 3/4 power.
• The average rate at which each gram of body tissue consumes energy in larger animals is less than smaller ones
• SA:V

Question 12

Relationship between volume surface area and length facts:

Answer 12

• Volume grows at a faster rate than surface area
• Smaller organisms have a higher surface area to volume ratio than larger organisms

Question 13

Which would have a higher metabolic rate a mouse or elephant?

Answer 13

A mouse it is smaller and its an ethocterm. It has a higher SA:V ratio