The endomembrane system

Question 1

Vesicles are..

Answer 1

Small membrane sacs that transport substances in the cell out of the cell

Question 2

6 components of the endomembrane systems

Answer 2

1. nuclear envelope
2. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
3. Golgi apparatus
4. lysomes
5. Cell membrane
6. The vesicles

Question 3

what is endocytosis?

Answer 3

When a vesicle buds off the plasma membrane enclosing material outside of the cell in the cell.

Question 4

what is exocytosis?

Answer 4

A vesicle fuses with the cell membrane bringing contents in the cell out of the cell

Question 5

n/a

Answer 5

n/a

Question 6

n/a

Answer 6

n/a

Question 7

The site of protein synthesis are

Answer 7

ribosomes

Question 8

n/a

Answer 8

n/a

Question 9

ER

Answer 9

Produces and transports proteins and lipids in/out of the cell

Lipids that make up the cell membrane is produced there

Question 10

Rough ER

Answer 10

• studded with ribosomes
• responsible for the production of transmembrane proteins

Question 11

Smooth ER

Answer 11

• lacks ribosomes
• the site where fatty acids and phospholipids are produced

Question 12

Lumen

Answer 12

The interior of ER

Question 13

The role of the Golgi apparatus is …

Answer 13

-modifies and sorts proteins/lipids
- Acts as a sorting station for proteins telling them their final destination
- synthesizes carbohydrates

Question 14

How does vesicles aid protein sorting?

Answer 14

they transport proteins from the ER to the Golgi appartus

Question 15

What are lysomes? How does it work with the Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

• Lysosomes are vesicles that neighbor the Golgi and that degrade damage or unneeded macromolecules
• Golgi packs up macromolecules and delivers the enzymes that kill to the lysosomes

Question 16

What effects the efficiency of lysosomes

Answer 16

Ph: Lysosomal enzymes cannot function at the PH level of the cell (7)

Question 17

Where are two places ribosomes are produced?

Answer 17

1. In the rough ER
2. Free ribosomes in the cytosol

Question 18

signal sequence

Answer 18

are proteins that are sorted after translation and contains an amino sequence

Question 19

Nuclear localization signals are

Answer 19

signaling sequences for proteins that need to travel to the nucleus

Question 20

Proteins produced by ribosomes in the cytosol

Answer 20

For free ribosomes in the cytosol…

No signal sequence: stays in the cytosol

Amino-terminal signal: To chloroplast and mitochondria

Internal signal : To the nucleus

Question 21

Proteins produced on the rough ER end up

Answer 21

1. in the lumen of the endomembrane
2. Kicked out of the cell
3. Turn into transmembrane cells

Question 22

SRP( signal-recognization proteins) is a

Answer 22

RNA protein that recognizes a signal sequence in the cytosol.

Question 23

n/a

Answer 23

n/a