Foundations of modern transmission genetics

Question 1

Mendel’s key discovery

Answer 1

traits are not transmitted, genes are

Question 2

The 7 psychical traits Mendel studied are

Answer 2

1. seed color
2. seed shape
3. pod color
4. flower color
5. flower position
6. plant height

Question 3

True breeding

Answer 3

The appearance of offspring is identical to the ones of parents

Question 4

Mendel experiment differed from other breeders because

Answer 4

• he studied true bleeding
• he focused on easily contrastable traits
• counted the progeny of his crosses

Question 5

Steps Mendel took to stop self-fertilization

Answer 5

1. female reproductive organs were clipped off ( anthers)
2. Mature pollen from another flower was placed on female sigma

3.cloth bag was placed so that no other pollen reached plant

Question 6

P1 generation

Answer 6

refers to the parents

Question 7

F1 generation

Answer 7

refers to offspring

Question 8

Reciprocal crosses

Answer 8

when the traits expressed in a female or male organisms is interchangeable

Question 9

Dominant

Answer 9

traits that appear in f1 generation

Question 10

Recessive

Answer 10

traits that do not appear in f1 generation

Question 11

Genotype

Answer 11

the particular combination of alleles present in an individual

Question 12

Phenotype

Answer 12

the expression of the trait in an indvidual

Question 13

Allels

Answer 13

Different combinations of genes that affect a trait. Many alleles form a gene

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

Having identical allels for a single trait

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

Having different alleles for a single trait