THYROID DISEASE Flashcards
Hyperthyroidism
overreactive thyroid
types of hyperthyroidism
primary
secondary
thyrotoxicosis
thyrotoxisosis
high levels of thyroid hormones
cause of thyrotoxisism
high intake of thyroid replacement hormones (for weight loss)
hypothyroidism
underreactive thyroid gland
types of hypothyroidism
primary
secondary
graves disease
hyperthyroidism - auto antibodies stimulate TSH receptor
hyperthyroidism effects
toxic multi-nodular goitre
toxic adenoma
ophthalmopathy (bulgy eyes)
conjunctival oedema
signs of increased metabolism from hyperthyroidism
warm moist skin
tachycardia and AF
increased BP and heart failure
tremor and hyperreflexia
eyelid retraction and lid lag
Hashimotos thyroiditis
hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis causes
post hyperthyroid surgery
drugs - carbimazole, amiodarone, lithium
congenital
iodine deficiency
signs of reduced metabolism due to hypothyroidism
dry coarse skin
bradycardia, hyperlipidemia
psychiatric or confusion
goitre
delayed reflexes
thyroid disease investigations
blood tests for TSH, T3 and T4
Imaging - ultrasound scan for cysts, radioisotope scan for gland uptake
fine needle aspirate/ biopsy
hyperthyroid (pituitary cause) hormones
raised TSH
raised T3
hyperthyroid (graves/ adenoma) hormones
low TSH
raised T3
hypothyroid (pituitary cause) hormones
low TSH
low T4
hypothyroid (gland failure) hormones
high TSH
low T4
Hyperthyroidism tx
carbimazole
b blockers
radioiodine
surgery - partial thyroidectomy
carbimazole action
replace t4
hypothyroidism tx
t4 tablets (thyroxine)
thyroid cancer types
papillary/ follicular - young
undifferentiated - elderly
dental aspects
goitre detection
hyperthyroid dental aspects
pain anxiety and psych problemsh
hypothyroid dental aspects
avoid use of sedatives if severe
