BONE DISEASES

Question 1

Inflammation of joints

Answer 1

arthritis

Question 2

non-inflammatory joint disease

Answer 2

arthrosis

Question 3

joint pain

Answer 3

arthralgia

Question 4

what maintains serum calcium levels

Answer 4

parathyroid hormone

Question 5

action of parathyroid hormone

Answer 5

increase calcium release from bone
reduces renal calcium excretion

Question 6

low serum calcium

Answer 6

hypoparathyroidism

Question 7

high serum calcium

Answer 7

primary hyperthyroidism

Question 8

low serum calcium

Answer 8

secondary hyperthyroidism

Question 9

hyperthyroidism effect

Answer 9

increased bone reabsorption

Question 10

essential vitamin for calcium absorption

Answer 10

vitamin D

Question 11

reasons for poor vitamin D levels

Answer 11

no sunlight
poor GI absorption
drug interactions

Question 12

drugs that reduce vitamin D

Answer 12

carbamazepine
phenytoin

Question 13

poorly mineralised osteoid matric and cartilage growth plates

Answer 13

osteomalacia

Question 14

what disorder does osteomalacia present as

Answer 14

rickets

Question 15

rickets presentation

Answer 15

bow legs
bone ache
vertebral compression

Question 16

rickets management

Answer 16

control GI disease
sunlight exposure
dietary vitamin D

Question 17

Loss of mineral and matrix

Answer 17

Osteoporosis

Question 18

osteoporosis result

Answer 18

reduced bone mass

Question 19

osteoporosis risk factors

Answer 19

females
age
endocrine
genetics
early menopause

Question 20

drugs that induce osteoporosis

Answer 20

steroids
antiepileptics

Question 21

osteoporosis prevention

Answer 21

build max peak bone mass (exercise and calcium intake)
reduce rate of bone mass loss (exercise and calcium intake, hormone replacement therapy)

Question 22

risks of HRT

Answer 22

DVT

Question 23

Bisphosphonate types

Answer 23

non-nitrogenous
nitrogenous

Question 24

what bisphosphonates can be combined with HRT

Answer 24

alendronate
risedronate