BONE DISEASES Flashcards
Inflammation of joints
arthritis
non-inflammatory joint disease
arthrosis
joint pain
arthralgia
what maintains serum calcium levels
parathyroid hormone
action of parathyroid hormone
increase calcium release from bone
reduces renal calcium excretion
low serum calcium
hypoparathyroidism
high serum calcium
primary hyperthyroidism
low serum calcium
secondary hyperthyroidism
hyperthyroidism effect
increased bone reabsorption
essential vitamin for calcium absorption
vitamin D
reasons for poor vitamin D levels
no sunlight
poor GI absorption
drug interactions
drugs that reduce vitamin D
carbamazepine
phenytoin
poorly mineralised osteoid matric and cartilage growth plates
osteomalacia
what disorder does osteomalacia present as
rickets
rickets presentation
bow legs
bone ache
vertebral compression
rickets management
control GI disease
sunlight exposure
dietary vitamin D
Loss of mineral and matrix
Osteoporosis
osteoporosis result
reduced bone mass
osteoporosis risk factors
females
age
endocrine
genetics
early menopause
drugs that induce osteoporosis
steroids
antiepileptics
osteoporosis prevention
build max peak bone mass (exercise and calcium intake)
reduce rate of bone mass loss (exercise and calcium intake, hormone replacement therapy)
risks of HRT
DVT
Bisphosphonate types
non-nitrogenous
nitrogenous
what bisphosphonates can be combined with HRT
alendronate
risedronate
