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HUMAN DISEASE MOD 5 > ANAESTHESIA > Flashcards

ANAESTHESIA Flashcards

1
Q

Inherited disorder of skeletal muscle only triggered by certain anaesthetic drugs

A

malignant hyperthermia

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2
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

accumulation of calcium in muscle cells

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3
Q

malignant hyperthermia results in

A

hypermetabolism
muscle rigidity
muscle breakdown

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4
Q

malignant hyperthermia signs

A

increase in expired CO2 concentration
tachycardia
increased O2 requirement
temperature increase

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5
Q

what drug is administered for malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene

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6
Q

pre-medication for anaesthesia

A

benzodiazepines

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7
Q

anaesthesia medications

A

propofol
thiopental
etomidate

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8
Q

inhalation drugs to induce and maintain anaesthesia

A

oxygen air or nitrous oxide

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9
Q

stage I of anaesthesia

A

loss of consciousness

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10
Q

stage II of anaesthesia

A

excitement/ delirium
coughing, vomitting and struggling

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11
Q

stage III of anaesthesia

A

laryngeal reflex lost
pupils dilate

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12
Q

stage IV of anaesthesia

A

cessation of respiration to death

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13
Q

short acting muscle relaxants

A

suxamethonium

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14
Q

long acting muscle relaxants

A

atracurium/ rocuronium

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15
Q

NCEPOD

A

national confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death

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16
Q

what is the national framework for referral for pts

A

NCEPOD

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17
Q

SBAR

A

situation
background
assessment
recommendation

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18
Q

what is required for a fasting pt in pre-operative care

A

maintenance fluids and a fluid assessment

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19
Q

maintenance fluid therapy

A

0.18% saline with 4% dextrose +_ K+(20-40mmol/l) based on 1mg/kg/hour

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20
Q

Inflammation of the appendix commonly caused by an obstruction of the appendix

A

appendicitis

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21
Q

where does appendicitis pain present

A

right iliac fossa

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22
Q

appendicitis symptoms

A

right iliac fossa pain
nausea
anorexia
constipation OR diarrhoea
pyrexia
tachycardia

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23
Q

appendicitis investigation

A

FBC - shows leukocytosis
UE
USS
pregnancy test

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24
Q

appendicitis management

A

NBM
analgesia
hydration
antibiotics

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25
Q

epigastric pain which radiates to the back

A

pancreatitis

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26
Q

pancreatitis symptoms

A

epigastric pain which radiates to the back
profoundly unwell due to third spaces loss

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27
Q

what presents on a blood test with pancreatitis

A

elevates serum amylase

28
Q

pancreatitis treatment

A

IV fluid replacement
analgesia
NBM
o2

29
Q

flank pain that originates over the costovertebral angle and extends towards groin/ testicle

A

renal colic

30
Q

RUQ pain

A

cholecystitis

31
Q

cholecystitis symptoms

A

RUQ pain
fever and tachycardia

32
Q

types of bowel pain

A

somatic
visceral
neuropathic

33
Q

somatic bowel pain

A

body surface or MSK system

34
Q

visceral bowel pain

A

internal organs

35
Q

neuropathic bowel pain

A

spinal cord and peripheral nerves

36
Q

what type of analgesia is aspirin

A

anti-platelet medication

37
Q

what disease is diclofenac contraindicated for

A

CV disease

38
Q

why is pethidine not recommended post op

A

its metabolised in the renal system

39
Q

opiates are a

A

analgesic

40
Q

what does opiate toxicity present as

A

reduced consciousness
pin-point pupils
hypotension
siezures
muscle spasms
cyanosis

41
Q

why does opiate toxicity cause cyanosis

A

respiratory depression

42
Q

tx for opiate toxicity

A

naloxone 0.4-2mg IV at intervals of 2-3 minutes

43
Q

what is naloxone used for

A

opiate toxicity

44
Q

max dose of naloxone

A

10mg

45
Q

what side effect is common with opiates

A

constipation

46
Q

why does hypocholemic alkalosis develop with nausea and vomiting

A

body is depleted of water and HCL

47
Q

why does vomiting cause hypokalaemia

A

loss of potassium

48
Q

the sepsis 6

A

give high flow O2
take blood cultures
give IV antibiotics
measure lactate
measure urine output

49
Q

SIRS with a presumes or known source of infection

A

SEPSIS

50
Q

diagnostic criteria for sepsis

A

temperature <36 or >38
HR >90bmp
resp rate >20 bpm
WCC <4 or >12
blood glucose >7.7mmol/l

51
Q

types of haemorrhage

A

primary
reactive
secondary

52
Q

primary haemorrhage

A

continuous bleeding which occurs during surgery

53
Q

reactive haemorrhage

A

bleeding appears stable until BP rises

54
Q

secondary haemorrhage

A

occurs 1-2 weeks post op and usually due to infection

55
Q

A-E approach for major haemorrhage

A

activate major haemorrhage protocol
give IV access ASAP
cross-match blood

56
Q

how is haemorrhage classified

A

basketts classification

57
Q

signs of DVT

A

swollen calf
warm/tender calf
pitting oedema
erythema

58
Q

DVT prophylaxis med

A

Heparin SC 500u/12 hr until mobile

59
Q

sudden obstruction of a pulmonary artery or one of its branches

A

pulmonary embolism

60
Q

pulmonary embolism cause

A

blood-borne clot or foreign material

61
Q

pulmonary embolism symptoms

A

shortness of breath
pleuritic chest pain
dizziness

62
Q

pulmonary embolism signs

A

pyerxia
reduced lung sounds
sinus tachycardia
ECG changes

63
Q

fluctuating stage of mental confusion

A

delirium

64
Q

delirium causes

A

surgery
infection
alcohol with drawl
B12/ thiamine def
hypoglycaemia
hypoxia
stroke
myocardial injury

65
Q

delirum tx

A

haloperidol 0.5-2mg +/- chlordiazepoxide reducing regime and Pabrinex IV

HUMAN DISEASE MOD 5 (54 decks)

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