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HUMAN DISEASE MOD 5 > OESOPHAGUS AND GI DISEASE > Flashcards

OESOPHAGUS AND GI DISEASE Flashcards

1
Q

Medications for upper GI disease

A

antacids
H2 receptor blockers and PPIs

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2
Q

antacids action

A

elimination of formed acids

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3
Q

H2 receptor blockers and PPIs action

A

reduction of acid secretion

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4
Q

what neurotransmitters are triggers to stomach acid production

A

acetylcholine
gastrin
histamine

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5
Q

h2 receptor antagonists

A

cimetidine
ranitidine

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6
Q

PPI examples

A

omeprazole
lanzoprazolem
pantoprazole

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7
Q

GORD cause

A

defective lower oesophageal sphincter
impaired lower clearing
impaired gastric emptying

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8
Q

GORD results

A

ulceration, inflammation and metaplasia
Barretts Oesophagitis

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9
Q

signs and symptoms of GORD

A

epigastric burning, dysphagia, GI bleeding, severe pain which mimics MI

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10
Q

hiatus hernia

A

part of the stomach is in the thorax

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11
Q

GORD management

A

stop smoking
lose weight
antacids
H2 blockers and PPIs

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12
Q

where can you find peptic ulcer disease

A

any acid affected site - oesophagus, stomach, duodenum

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13
Q

cause of peptic ulcer disease

A

high acid secretion (duodenal)
normal acid secretion (stomach)
drugs (NSAIDs, and steroids)

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14
Q

what microbes can cause gastritis

A

helicobacter pylori

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15
Q

gastritis symptoms

A

sometimes asymptomatic
burning pain and bleeding
chronic gastric wall inflammation can lead to lymphoma of the stomach

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16
Q

peptic ulcer disease management

A

triple therapy
2 antibiotics and 1 PPI

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17
Q

peptic ulcer disease investigations

A

endoscopy
radiology (barium meal)
anaemia blood test
H.Pylori breath
antibodies
mucosa

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18
Q

local complications of PUD

A

perforation and escape of gastric contents into peritoneum
haemorrhage
structure
malignancy

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19
Q

what does a haemorrhage look like if thrown up

A

brown coffee grains

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20
Q

systemic complications of PUD

21
Q

PUD tx medical

A

H2 receptor blockers
PPIs
NSAIDs - reduce steroid use
triple therapy

22
Q

triple therapy

A

amoxycillan
metronidazole
omeprazole

23
Q

PUD tx surgical

A

endoscopy
surgical repair - gastrectomy
vagotomy

24
Q

ceoliac and penicious anaemia

A

malabsorption - small bowel disease

25
coeliac
sensitivity to A-gliden component of gluten
26
coeliac aetiology
genetic environment gluten consumption t lymphocyte damage to mucosal tissue villous atrophy of the jejunum
27
coeliac symptoms
weight loss lassitude weakness abdominal pain/ swelling steatorrhoea
28
how does coeliac present in the mouth
oral apthae tongue papillary loss
29
malabsorption in coeliac
iron folate vit b12 fat
30
coeliac investigations
autoantibody test - TTG, anti-gliadin antibodies jejunal biopsy faecal fat - increased haematinics - B12, folate, ferritin
31
outcome of a gluten free diet in pt with coeliac
reversal of jejunal atrophy improved well being reduced risk of lymphoma
32
associated skin disease with coeliac
dermatitis herpetiformis granular IgA deposit in skin and mucosa
33
pernicious anaemia deficiency
vit B12 intrinsic factor
34
Where is vitb12 absorbed
terminal ilium
35
pernicious anaemia diagnosis
intrinsic factor def. cobalamin def. and macrocytic anaemia
36
cause of pernicious anaemia
lack of vitb12 from diet gastric parietal cell disease IBD of terminal ileum bowel cancer at ilio-coecal junction
37
tx for vitb12 def.
diet IM injectiond of vitb12
38
bowel cancer symptoms
anaemia rectal blood loss
39
bowel cancer aetiology
polyps bleed when irritated - most take 5 years to turn malignant
40
bowel cancer gene
p53
41
are polyps in the small intestine high or low risk
low risk (peutz-jehgers syndrome)
42
are polyps in the large intestine low or high risk
high risk (gardiners/ cowdens syndrome)
43
staging of bowel cancer
A - submucosal B - muscularis C - lymph nodes D - liver
44
bowel cancer tx
colon cancer surgery hepatic metastases radiotherapy chemotherapy
45
when does bowel cancer become incurable
if spread to liver
46
colonic carcinoma screening
FiT test - all adults over 60 2 years repeat endoscopy if positive
47
ABCDE for acute severe asthma attack
A - wheezing on expiration B - increased RR, decreased sp02, rapid shallow breaths C - increased HR, hypertension, pallor D - ACVPU: alert but anxious E - pale, distressed, use of accessory muscles, inability to complete sentence in one breath
48
ABCDE for life threatening asthma attack
A - severe wheeze on expiration B - decreased RR and effort, severely decreased Sp02, laboured breathing C - decreased HR, cyanosis in lips/ nose D - ACVPU: confused due to hypoxia E - grey/ blue in colour, exhausted, sleepy

HUMAN DISEASE MOD 5 (54 decks)

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