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HUMAN DISEASE MOD 5 > GI DISEASE > Flashcards

GI DISEASE Flashcards

1
Q

Medications for GI disorders

A

antacids
H2 receptor blockers
proton pump inhibitors

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2
Q

anatacids action

A

elimination of formed acids

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3
Q

h2 receptor blockers and PPI action

A

reduction of acid secretion

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4
Q

antacid examples

A

rennies
gaviscon

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5
Q

what triggers stomach acid production

A

acetylcholine
gastrin
histamine

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6
Q

h2 receptor antagonist examples

A

cimetidine
ranitidine

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7
Q

cimetidine and ranitidine mode of action

A

prevent histamine activation

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8
Q

PPI examples

A

omeprazole
lanzoprazolem
pantoprazole

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9
Q

heartburn

A

GORD

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10
Q

GORD cause

A

defective lower oesophageal and sphincter, impaired lower clearing, impaired gastric emptying

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11
Q

GORD effects

A

ulceration
inflammation
metaplasia

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12
Q

potentially malignant GORD

A

Barrett’s Oesophagitis

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13
Q

GORD signs and symptoms

A

epigastric burning
dysphagia
GI bleeding
severe pain which mimics an MI

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14
Q

Hiatus hernia

A

part of the stomach is in the thorax

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15
Q

GORD management

A

stop smoking
lose weight
antacids
H2 blockers
PPI

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16
Q

where is PUD

A

oesophagus stomach or duodenum

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17
Q

PUD cause

A

high acid secretion (duodenal)
normal acid secretion (stomach)
drugs (NSAIDs, steroids)

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18
Q

what infection causes inflammation of gastric mucosa

A

Helicobacter Pylori

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19
Q

PUD management

A

triple therapy - 2 antibiotics and 1 PPI

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20
Q

PUD investigations

A

endoscopy
radiology (barium seal)
anaemia blood test
H.pylori breath
antibodies

21
Q

local PUD complications

A

perforation and escape of gastric contents into peritoneum
haemorrhage vomited up
stricture- chronic ulceration
malignancy from chronic ulceration

22
Q

systemic PUD complications

A

anaemia

23
Q

PUD medical tx outline

A

H2 receptor blockers and PPIs
NSAIDs
triple therapy

24
Q

why NSAIDs for PUD

A

inhibit prostaglandin removal

25
Q

what medications are used for triple therapy for PUD

A

amoxycillan
metronidazole
omeprazole

26
Q

surgican tx for PUD

A

gastrectomy
vagotomy

27
Q

why medical tx for PUD

A

REVERSIBLE PROBLEM and H.Pylori present

28
Q

why surgical tx for PUD

A

stricture
acute bleed
perforation
malignancy

29
Q

coeliac disease

A

sensitivity to a-gliaden component of gluten - malabsorption - small bowel disease

30
Q

coeliac disease aetiology

A

genetic
environmental triggers
gluten consumption
T lymphocytes damage mucosal tissue
villous atrophy of the jejunum

31
Q

coeliac disease effects

A

growth failure and oral ulceration
weight loss, lassitude, weakness, abdominal pain/ swelling, oral aphthae, tongue papillary loss, steatorrhea, dysphagia.

32
Q

coeliac disease malabsorption issues

A

iron
folate
vit B12
fat

33
Q

coeliac disease investigations

A

autoantibody test - serum transglutaminase, anti-gliadin/ anti-endomyseal antibodies.

jejunal biopsy

feacal fat increases if malabsorption

haematinics

34
Q

associated skin diseases with coeliac disease

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

35
Q

oral disease associated with coeliac disease

A

ulceration and blisters

36
Q

what are pts with oral aphthous ulcers screened for?

A

folate/ combined ferritin and folate deficiency suggests malabsorption.
TTG tests

37
Q

pernicious anaemia

A

vit B12 deficiency

38
Q

vit B12 absorption site

A

terminal ileum

39
Q

pernicious anaemia causes

A

lack of vitB12 in diet
gastric parietal cell disease (autoimmune)
IBD of terminal ileum (Crohn’s)
Bowel cancer at the ielo-coecal junction

40
Q

vit B12 deficiency tx

A

diet
IM injections if absorption not possible

41
Q

bowel cancer symptoms

A

none
anaemia
rectal blood loss

42
Q

bowel cancer aetiology

A

carcinomas arise in polyps and they will bleed
5 years to turn malignant

43
Q

bowel cancer causes

A

diet low in fibre and veg and high in fat and meat
smoking
alcohol
poor exercise
p53 gene
ulcerative colitis and intestinal polyps

44
Q

Peutz-Jehgers syndrome

A

intestinal polyps in small intetsine - low risk

45
Q

Gardiners/ Cowden’s syndrome

A

intestinal polyps in large intestine - high risk

46
Q

Duke’s classification of bowel cancer

A

A - submucosal
B - muscularis
C - lymph nodes
D - liver

47
Q

bowel cancer tx

A

colon cancer surgery
hepatic metastases
radiotherapy
chemotherapy

48
Q

colonic carcinoma screening

A

FiT test - all adults over 60 - 2 year repeat - endoscopy if positive

HUMAN DISEASE MOD 5 (54 decks)

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