THERAPEUTICS Flashcards
List analgesics
aspirin
ibuprofen
paracetamol
carbamazepine
when would you avoid prescribing aspirin or ibuprofen?
bleeding diathesis
GI ulceration
concurrent anticoagulant therapy
asthmatic pt may be allergic
maximum dose of aspirin daily
4g
maximum dose of ibuprofen daily
300-600mg x4
what can overdose of paracetamol result in?
liver failure
maximum dose of paracetamol daily
4g
what type of medication if codiene?
opiod
what type of drug is carbamazepine?
anticonvulsant - used as an analgesic
what are the 2 major groups of anti-inflammatory drugs?
NSAIDs
corticosteroids
give an example of a topical steroid
betamethasone
give 2 examples of systemic steroids
prednisolone
dexamethasone
give an example of an antidepressant drug which is also used for neuropathic pain
amitriptyline
what type of pts should you avoid prescribing amitriptyline to?
diabetics
pregnant/ breastfeeding
epileptics
what type of drugs can be used for short term control of anxiety and also the management of TMD?
benzodiazepines
list 2 examples of benzodiazepines
diazepam
midazolam
side effect of benzodiazepines
respiratory depression
what is the main use of midazolam?
IV sedation
what is the drug of choice for antibiotic prophylaxis against IE?
amoxicillin
what is a side effect of amoxicillin? and for what conditions does it present in?
causes a rash in pts with glandular fever, leukaemia, HIV
explain the problem of bacterial resistance and tetracyclines
likely to promote opportunistic infection with candida albicans, particularly when used topically
what is the antibiotic of choice for chronic periodontal disease
doxycycline
what is the antibiotic of choice for acute dental and oral infections?
metronidazole
what is metronidazole not effective against?
aerobic bacteria
what is the main fungal pathogen in the mouth?
candida albicans
list 3 antifungals
nystatin
fluconazole
miconazole
what antifungal is prescribed for angular cheillitis?
miconazole
what antifungal is prescribed for severe mucosal candidosis?
fluconazole
what viral condition is most often seen and treated by dentists?
herpes labialis
list 2 antivirals
aciclovir
penciclovir
while warfarin is still used, list 3 newer NOACs
dabigatran
apixaban
rivaroxiban
what is the difference between warfarin and NOACs?
INR does not need to be monitored for NOACs
what may be advised for pts taking NOACs prior to dental xLA?
miss morning dose
name the 2 new generations of antiplatelets that are alternatives to clopidogrel
prasugrel
ticagrelor
what drugs act on osteoclasts and reduce the rate of bone turnover?
bisphosphonates
list 2 preparations of artificial saliva
glandosane
saliva orthana
pt on montelukast - what does this imply?
severe asthma
what is phenytoin used for?
epilepsy
phenytoin side effects?
gingival hyperplasia
what is metformin used for?
DM type 2
what drugs are anti-anginals and give 2 examples
nitrates
isosorbide mononitrate - prevention of angina
glyceryl trinitrate (GTN spray) - short acting
give examples of B blockers and their action
bisoprolol/ propranolol/ atenolol
- prevent increase in heart rate by reducing heart muscle excitability
give 2 examples of anti platelets
aspirin
clopidogrel
give examples of calcium channel blockers and their action
amlodipine/ nifedipine/ verapamil
vasodilation and reduction in heart rate
examples of lipid lowering drugs
atorvastatin/ rosuvastatin/ simvastatin
