ENT Flashcards
where do superficial lymph nodes receive lymph from
scalp
face
neck
name 5 superficial lymph nodes
post auricular
pre auricular
parotid
submental
submandibular
examples of cutaneous things
sebaceous cyst
lipoma
skin neoplasms
NICE referral guidelines for neck lumps
if suspected, allow 2-4 weeks to settle if not»_space; USOC referral
if lump plus red flags»_space; USCO referral
generalised lymphadenopathy or B symptoms need FBC and consider referral
if >40 years old needs CXR to exclude lung cancer, TB or sarcoid
red flags in H+N cancer
oral lump, erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia
unexplained oral ulceration lasting more than 3 weeks
persistent or unexplained neck lump
persistent throat pain or painful swallow
stridor
what is oropharyngeal malignancy
cancer of the tonsil or tongue base
increasing common cause of oropharyngeal malignancy
HPV-related tumours
oropharyngeal malignancy presentation
odynophagia
throat pain often unilateral
unilateral ear pain without ear symptoms
3 paired salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
sialadenitis
inflammation of the salivary gland
acute infective sialadenitis symtpoms
sudden swelling
pain
systemically unwell
acute bacterial sialadenitis symptoms
systemic illness
pyrexia
pus from ducts
facial swelling and redness and or raised FOM
confusion and pain
most common salivary gland tumour
parotid
most common salivary gland malignancy
sublingual
ear disorders that mimick TMD
acute otitis media
otitis media with effusion
otitis externa
symptoms suggestive of ear causes
aural discharge
reduced hearing
tinnitus
vertigo
acute otitis media symptoms
systemically unwell
increasing pain over 2-3 days followed by resolution/ discharge
common in children
otitis media with effusion (glue ear) symptoms
fluid in middle of ear
not acutely infected
common in children
may be concerning for post-nasal space mass in adults
otitis externa causes
ear phones/ hearing aids
skin conditions - eczema
ear trauma - cotton buds
narrow ear canals
otitis externa presentation
ear discharge
ear pain
reducing hearing
otitis externa bacteria
pseudomonas
may become fungal
otitis externa tx
topical antibiotics +/- steroid as first line
keep ears dry and dont use headphones
paranasal sinuses
paired maxillary
ethmoids
sphenoid
frontal
acute sinusitis cause
usually follows a cold
acute sinusitis symptoms
nasal blockage
discharge
pain/ pressure around cheek
smell loss
when does sinusitis become chronic
lasts more than 12 weeks
sinusitis cause
secondary to dental pathology
odontogenic maxillary sinusitis
result of infection spreading at root apex
signs of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancer
unilateral nasal discharge
unilateral middle ear effusion
orbital complications - proptosis, diplopia
3 phases of swallow
voluntary
pharyngeal
oesophageal
dysphagia red flags
more than 3 weeks throat pain (especially unilateral), painful swallow, hoarseness, oral swelling/ ulcer, neck lump
short history of progressive dysphagia, over 55yrs with unexplained weight loss plus dyspepsia
