Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Tim's Cards > Special Needs > Flashcards

Special Needs Flashcards

1
Q

Long lasting health condition that limits a person’t ability to see, hear, physical activity, mental capabilities

A

Impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

limitations that represent a substantial disadvantage when attempting to function in society

A

Disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

group of malformations, deformations, and malformation Sequences, occur together due to some identifiable underlying cause

A

Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 Models of Disability:

A

Traditional/Moral model

Medical/Rehab model

Social model

Integrative/disability (biopsychosocial model)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many children suffer from Developmental Disability?

A

1 in 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common developmental disability?

Affects _____ million people

____% have mild impairment

Cause usually unknown

A

Intellectual

6.2 - 7.5

87%

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Developmental Disability manifests prior to what age?

describes _____ disabilities

A

22

life-long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 most prominent Developmental Disabilities:

A

Intellectual

Cerabral Palsy

Epilepsy

Autism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 trends affecting dental care for individuals w/ ID/DD

A

Increased life expectancy

Deinstututionalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Collection of conceptional, social, and practical skills learned/performed by people in their everyday lives:

A

Adaptive Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Language/literacy; money, time, numbers, self-direction:

interpersonal skills, social responsibility, gullibility, etc

activities of daily living, personal care, occupational skills, healthcare, travel, etc

A

Conceptual skills

Social skills

Practical skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 examples of individuals who can serve as a Witness to consent:

A

Dental assistant

Other dental staff

Non-relative of patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 types of Informed Consent:

A

Explicit

Implied

Specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 people that can provide consent if pt can’t:

A

Guardian

Medical Power of Attorney

Public Fiduciary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Failure to collect consent can result in what 3 things?

A

Criminal charges

Lawsuit

Negligent behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ADA - American with Disabilities Act, prohibits…

services to indivisuals w/ disabilities must be offered in most ______ setting appropriate to the needs of the individual (including dental offices)

A

discrimination on basis of disability

integrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Wheelchair accessibility, minimum width of hallway:

_____ feet diameter to turn wheelchair around

Best to Tx pt where?

A

3 feet

5 feet

in chair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Remember to take _____ off chair, use sliding board when transferring pt

______ and ______ the chair

A

foot rests (and sides, leg holders)

position and lock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Behavioral Hx w/ caregiver includes what 4 things?

A

communication abilities

rxns to sensitive stimuli

steriotypic behaviors

previous dental/med experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

in Behavioral Hx what is important to ask?

A

techniques/suggestions to distract pt during Tx

*music, game, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pt should have what kind of environment for care?

A

Least restrictive possible

*most participation possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Medical/Social Hx, oral hygiene ability, sitting time, sedation/anesthetic contraindications, ability/willingness for RPD, esthetics

A

Tx plan - whole person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Past exp. dental care

med conditions

meds taking - side effects

sensory impairments?

A

Know your pt!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 types of sensory impairments:

A

Hearing loss

Visual

Hypersensitivity (sound, touch, lighting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
SOAP:
Subjective (CC, Hx) Objective (clinical, radiographic, vitals) Assessment (diagnosis, risk assess) Plan (Tx, mods, procedures)
26
ID type/risk associated w/ dental procedure:
AAOM risk assessment
27
Risk assessment based on what 4 things:
Med Hx Exam (vitals/clinical/radiographic) Lab/diagnostics Consultations
28
3 questions to ask in Risk Assessment:
likelihood of adverse event during procedure nature/severity of adverse event appropriate setting for Tx
29
4 Purposes for Medical Consult:
Request evaluation (systemic disease) Specific info (Tx mods) Determine if dental Tx prudent Request change in pts therapy
30
1 reason NOT to get consult:
clearance/permission
31
Good Med Consult must be concise, specific, request only ________ Avoid asking clearance, use a _______ Know current protocols/guidelines, inform physician of ______ and ________ contact info for dental provider/physician, and get Pt's ________
pertinent facts checklist diagnosis, planned Tx informed consent for info release
32
What is the most common malformation syndrome?
Trisomy 21
33
Mean IQ Trisomy 21: often equivalent to _____ grade level Congenital heart defects in _____% Impaired immunity from decreased _______ function Hypothyroidism in ______ % _______ anomalies common Atlanto-axial instability in ______%
50 6th 40-50% neutrophil 16-20% Airway 14%
34
Trisomy 21 Increased incidence of what 5 dental deficits:
Missing LI's Peg laterals Excessive spacing short rounded roots Maxillary hypoplasia
35
Maxillary hypoplasia in Trisomy 21 causes _______ Class ______ malocclusion What tooth anomaly: increased incidence of _____ disease Relative _______ Perio disease present when?
crowding III Taurodontism perio macroglossia early childhood
36
Chronic disorder of movement/coordination, caused by injury to the immature brain during prenatal/perinatal period: Damages ____ areas of developing brain Is a ______ encephalopathy
Cerebral Palsy Motor Static
37
CP, Spastic ____% Dyskinetic/Athetoid _____% (low tone, loose, uncontrolled) Ataxic _____% (balance, depth perception)
70-80% 10-15% less than 5%
38
Most common type of Dementia:
Alzheimer's
39
% Dementia: Alzheimers: Mixed Alzheimers/Vascular: Lewy Body Variant: Frontal Temporal Vascular Brain injury
40-65% 20-40% 25% 10-20% 10-20% 4%
40
T/F infection, teratogens, trauma, multiple births, seizures, illness, premature birth, low birth weight, intracraneal hemorrhage, hypoxia/bradycardia, hyperbilirubinemia are risk factors for CP
True
41
Umbrella term for Progressive genetic diseases degenerating skeletal/voluntary muscles *cardiac muscle/other involuntaries may or may not be involved
Muscular Dystrophy
42
7 most common types of neuromuscular disorders (Muscular Dystrophy)
Duchenne Becker Fascioscapulohumeral Emery-Dreifuss Limb-girdle Myotonic dystrophy Congenital
43
Describe oral characteristics of Muscular Dystrophy: Can include what 3 oral manifestations: Mx/Mn arch consideration: Similar to CP b/c pts w/ gait problems are at increased risk for dental trauma:
variable, progressive (depending on disease severity) ant open bite, MACROglossia, sialorrhea expansion True
44
What type of seizure is brief, shock-like, and usually does NOT affect consciousness
Myoclonic
45
Myoclonic seizure affects neck, shoulders, ____ arms, body, and ____ legs Duration: Consciousness: EEG:
upper, upper less than 1 second not usually impaired polyspike and slow wave discharge
46
T/F | Even pts compliant w/ meds have breakthrough seizures
True
47
Breakthrough seizures can be related to physical stress/pain
True
48
4 possible triggers for Breakthrough Seizures:
LA overdose/inadvertent intravascular injection Hypoxia secondary to vasovagal syncopy hypoglycemia/insulin OD Cerebral vascular accident/Transient ischemic attacks
49
2 Anticonvulsants and their side effects:
Phenytoin - gingival hyperplasia Carbamazepine - xerostomia/stomatitis/increased caries
50
Phenytoin, consider use of ____ and ______ Carbamazepine, consider using ______ to reduce caries from xerostomia
CHX, folic acid topical fluoride
51
T/F | It is important to determine if the masticatory apparatus is involved in a seizure
True
52
4 conditions upon which seizure pt can be treated:
Seizure free (w/ or w/o meds) Rare seizures (less than 1/yr) not involve masticatory apparatus no special needs
53
What 2 seizure types do not involve the masticatory apparatus?
absence myoclonic
54
2 seizure conditions requiring special consideration for dental Tx:
involves masticatory apparatus generalized tonic-clonic
55
If seizure, Place dental chair in what position? place pt on what side? if seizure lasts more than ____ minutes, call 911 can administer _____ L/min Oxygen if pt cyanotic if lasts longer than ___ min, Status Epilepticus
supine (low to floor) left 3 6-8 5 min
56
3 types of single gene disorders:
auto dom auto rec x-linked
57
OI (osteogenesis imperfecta) inheritance: mutation is genes that code for what? clinical class system developed in 1970 by David ______
Autosomal Dominant type I collagen Sillence
58
OI defect at ______ on chromosome 17 ______ on chromosome 7
Col1A1 Col1A2
59
4 factors determining effect of teratogen:
timing length species genetic predisposition
60
What type of inheritance is responsible for the largest percentage of birth defects?
Multifactorial
61
3 multifactorial diseases:
Asthma Coronary artery Alzheimers
62
4 categories of craniofacial disorders:
craniosynostosis syndromes clefting syndromes branchial arch disorders dental, gingival, perio (syndromes)
63
T/F | There are no specific genetic, medical lab tests available for autism and Diagnosis is based on behavior
True
64
In ASD there is enormous variation on _____ patterns and _____ of symptoms
behavioral severity
65
ASD etiology:
unknown *genetic, neurotransmitter defect, infection, metabolic errors, immunologic, environmental - all theories
66
5 Indications for further eval (ASD):
no babbling, cooing by 12 months no pointing, waving, grasping by 12 months no single words by 16 months no 2 words by 24 months loss of language/social skills
67
6 characteristics ASD:
insistence on sameness repetitive (stereotypical) movements unresponsive to verbal cues, no eye contact difficulty expressing needs social situation difficulty attachment to objects
68
6 impairments of ASD:
sensorimotor echolalia no symbolic thinking self-injury intellectual disability seizure
69
ASD, ____% have intellectual disability ____% have seizures:
70% 30%
70
4 behavior management strategies for ASD:
Hx peculiarities/stereotypic communication noise, touch, light sensitivities
71
ASD, after Hx, before Tx:
desensitization (familiarize w/ dental environment, staff
72
3 Behavior management strategies:
Tell-show-do immediate positive/neg reinforcement Modeling (sibling)
73
ABA Medical immobilization, sedation, general anesthesia
applied behavioral analysis *behavioral management ASD
74
3 reasons for medical immobilization:
uncooperative due to lack of maturity unable to cooperate due to mental/physical disability safety of pt/practitioner
75
Some ASD pts like restraints, others don't, be sure to obtain...
consent from guardian
76
How many americans have a disability?
50 million
77
Premedicate in what 4 conditions?
Prosthetic heart valve bacterial endocarditis hx heart transplant w/ valvulopathy congenital heart defects
78
Dementia is the deterioration of mental faculty due to what?
organic disease/disorder of brain
79
Dementia is defined by what?
severity to interfere w/ daily functioning
80
Dementia is characterized by multiple cognitive defects, memory impairment, and at least one of the following 5 disturbances:
aphasia (idea) amnesia agnosia (objects) apraxia (coordination) executive functioning (goal directed behavior)
81
Prevalence Alzheimers increases w/ age, but most often above... Avg lifespan of people w/ Alzheimers:
65 8-10 yrs
82
investigates/resolves complaints of residents in nursing facilities, board and care facilities, etc
long-term care ombudsman program
83
Every year ____ million older americans are victims of elder abuse every case reported, probably ____ not reported abused elders tend to die earlier
2.1 5 True
84
Elder abuse, dentist should report to... Academy of general dentistry, dentists 1st line of defense, must take action
Adult Protective Services True
85
Trauma, injuries, bruising, confinement, isolation, passivity, depression, anxiety, large financial withdrawals, unpaid bills
think elder abuse
86
Warning signs of Elder Abuse may include what 3 things?
Bleeding gums poor dentition oral hygiene
87
Reporting abuse, dentist required to take photographs, include _______ if you're guilty of not reporting, it is a....
radiologic exams class 1 misdemeanor

Tim's Cards (140 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions