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Tim's Cards > Head & Neck Week 2 > Flashcards

Head & Neck Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 Muscles of the mouth (facial expressive).

A

Orbicularis oris

Depressor anguli oris

Levator anguli oris

Zygomaticus major

Risorius

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2
Q

What nerve innervates all of the 5 mouth muscles?

A

Facial CN VII

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3
Q

What is the insertion of every facial expression muscle?

A

Skin

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4
Q

All facial muscles are extensions of what?

A

The Platysma

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5
Q

What are the facial expressive muscles of the lips?

A

Levator labii superioris Depressor labii inferioris

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6
Q

What muscle in the face has two functions? What are they?

A

Buccinator Facial expression and Mastication

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7
Q

Name the muscles of the Chin and Nose.

A

Mentalis Nasalis

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8
Q

Name the facial expressive mm. of the eye, forehead, and ear.

A

Eye (1) Orbicularis Oculi Forehead (2) Occipitofrontalis & Procerus Ear (3) Ant, Superior, Post. Auricularis

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9
Q

Trace CN VII’s main branchial motor pathway.

A

Cell bodies of LMN in Motor nucleus of VII (pons) > internal acoustic meatus > facial canal > stylomastoid foramen > passes through the parotid gland to target muscles

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10
Q

T/F The facial nerve synapses in the Parotid Gland.

A

False Just passes through

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11
Q

What are the main facial expressive innervations of CN VII?

A

Temporal branch Zygomatic branch Buccal branch Mandibular branch Cervical branch To Zanzibar By Motor Car

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12
Q

Name some additional (outside to zanzibar by motor car) nerve branches of CNVII facial expression?

A

Auricularis and Occipitalis Stylohyoid Post. Digastric

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13
Q

What’s another name for the V1, V2, and V3 general sensory divisions on the face?

A

Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular

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14
Q

The sensory cell bodies for V1 are located in the…

A

Trigeminal Ganglion

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15
Q

V1 general sensory pathway:

A

sensory cell bodies in Trigemninal ganglion > cavernous sinus > superior orbital fissure > orbit > BRANCHES

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16
Q

What are the three main branches (nn.’s) of V1 once it gets into the orbit?

A

Lacrimal n. Frontal n. Nasociliary n.

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17
Q

Where did the Frontal n. come from, what does it divide into and what does it innervate?

A

V1 Supraorbital n. - upper eyelid, forehead, scalp Supratrochlear n - upper eyelid, forehead, scalp

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18
Q

Where did the Nasociliary n. come from, what does it divide into, and what do those divisions innervate?

A

V1 Infratrochlear n. - medial/upper eyelid and lacrimal sac & Anterior Ethmoid n. > External nasal n. - bridge of nose

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19
Q

What are the 3 different sensory nuclei for CN V?

A

Proprioceptive Touch Pain.Temperature (these are Modalities)

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20
Q

V2 General sensory pathway:

A

Cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion > cavernous sinus > foramen rotundum > PPF > branches

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21
Q

What is the branch of V2 in the PPF that goes onto the zygomatic?

A

Zygomatic n. Zygomaticofacial n. Zygomaticotemporal n.

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22
Q

What do the zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal nn.’s innervate?

A

skin over zygomatic arch skin of anterior temple

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23
Q

Zygomatic n. pathway from the PPF:

A

PPF > inferior orbital fissure > orbit > zygomatico-orbital foramen

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24
Q

What is considered to be the terminal branches of V2?

A

The infraorbital n. exiting the infraorbital foramen.

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25
Q

Infraorbital pathway from PPF:

A

PPF > inferior orbital fissure > orbital canal > infraorbital foramen

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26
Q

What are the 3 branches of the infraorbital n. and what do they innervate?

A

Inferior palpebral branches (lower eyelid) Lateral nasal branches (lateral nose) Superior labial n. (upper lip)

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27
Q

V3 general sensory pathway:

A

Trigeminal ganglion > branches from ganglion in cranial cavity > Foramen Ovale > Infratemporal fossa > branches

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28
Q

Does V3 go through the cavernous sinus?

A

NO

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29
Q

What are the two branches (that come off the main general sensory branch) of V3 once in the Infratemporal Fossa, and what do they innervate?

A

Anterior trunk (Buccal n.) cheek/mandibular buccal gingiva Posterior trunk (Auriculotemporal n.) auricle/skin of temple and lateral scalp

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30
Q

What is considered the terminal branch of general sensory V3?

A

The mental n.

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31
Q

What does the mental n. innervate?

A

Chin, lower lip, labial gingiva

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32
Q

What main artery of the face can be traced back to the Internal Carotid?

A

Opthalmic a.

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33
Q

Name the 7 arteries arising from the Opthalmic. a. (and thus the Internal Carotid).

A

Lacrimal Zygomaticofacial Zygomaticotemporal Supraorbital Supratrochlear Dorsal nasal External nasal

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34
Q

What nerve accompanies the dorsal nasal a.?

A

Infratrochlear n.

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35
Q

What artery arises from the Anterior Ethmoid?

A

External nasal a.

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36
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the External Carotid?

A

Maxillary Superficial Temporal

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37
Q

Name 4 arteries coming off the Facial a.

A

Inferior labial a. Superior labial a. Lateral nasal a. Angular a.

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38
Q

What is an important division of the Superficial Temporal a.?

A

Transverse facial a.

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39
Q

What 3 arterial systems deliver blood to the face?

A

Internal carotid External carotid Maxillary

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40
Q

What 2 branches of the Maxillary artery arise in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Inferior Alveolar (then Mental) Buccal a.

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41
Q

T/F The maxillary a. travels both into the infratemporal fossa and the PPF.

A

True

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42
Q

T/F The Buccal a. travels to the mandible.

A

False. The buccal a. goes to the maxillary region.

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43
Q

Trace the maxillary a. to the infraorbital a.

A

Internal carotid > Maxillary > Infraorbital fossa > PPF > Infraorbital fissure > Infraorbital canal > Infraorbital a.

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44
Q

The Infraorbital a. continues on to branch into what three arteries?

A

Inferior palpebral Lateral nasal Superior labial

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45
Q

Veins follow arteries of the same name until they reach the…

A

Neck

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46
Q

T/F The cavernous sinus is drained by facial veins.

A

True (this seems weird - apparently cavernous sinus can be drained via the face or through the cranial sinuses and out the jugular)

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47
Q

Where is the angular v.? What vein precedes? What vein comes after?

A

medial anterior orbit - comes from the superior opthalmic and drains into the facial v.

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48
Q

Where do the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses drain?

A

Into the sigmoid sinus

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49
Q

What precedes and comes after the Retromandibular v.?

A

Superficial Temporal before Internal jugular after

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50
Q

What do the facial v. and external palatine v. drain into?

A

Retromandibular > Internal jugular

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51
Q

The external jugular drains what general area?

A

The posterior head

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52
Q

The Anterior jugular drains what general area?

A

Anterior neck and some anterior mandible

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53
Q

The Internal jugular drains what general area?

A

Most of temporal and facial region, as well as the cranial cavity.

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54
Q

What type of tissue surrounds the Parotid gland?

A

Deep investing fascia.

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55
Q

Where is Stenson’s duct, and what is it a part of?

A

Around maxillary 2nd molar - duct that empties parotid gland into mouth.

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56
Q

Does the facial nerve innervate the Parotid gland?

A

NO

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57
Q

Where do the superficial temporal v. and Maxillary v. come together, and what do they form

A

Parotid gland. Forms the Retromandibular v.

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58
Q

What are the two divisions of the external carotid close to the Parotid gland?

A

Maxillary a. Superficial temporal a.

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59
Q

What is an important division of the superficial temporal a.?

A

Transverse facial a.

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60
Q

What is the general sensory innervation for the Parotid Gland?

A

Great auricular n. from V3

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61
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the Parotid?

A

CN IX Glossopharyngeal

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62
Q

Pathway Parasympathetic to Parotid:

A

Pre-ganglionic cell bodies in INFERIOR SALIVATORY NUCLEUS (medulla) > jugular foramen > tympanic n. > tympanic canal > middle ear > tympanic plexus > lesser petrosal n. > Foramen Ovale > infratemporal fossa > OTIC GANGLION > join auriculotemporal n. of V3 to Parotid.

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63
Q

What branches of the facial n. pass through the Parotid region?

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical, suprahyoid, auricular, occipital (To Zanzibar By Motorcar, Straight Outa Africa)

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64
Q

What are the V1 nn. of the face that emerge from the orbit?

A

lacrimal supraorbital supratrochlear infratrochlear external nasal (branch of ethmoid)

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65
Q

What are the V2 branches that divide in the orbit and ride with the lacrimal n.?

A

Zygomaticofacial Zygomaticotemporal (these are both branches of the zygomatic n. )

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66
Q

What nn. emerge from the infraorbital foramen?

A

Inferior palpebral lateral nasal superior labial

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67
Q

From what two places do V3 sensory branches emerge?

A

Infratemporal fossa Mental foramen

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68
Q

What two V3 nn. originate in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Long buccal auriculotemporal (sensory)

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69
Q

Name four branches of the facial artery.

A

Inferior labial superior labial lateral nasal angular

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70
Q

Name three branches of the infraorbital artery.

A

Inferior palpebral lateral nasal superior labial

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71
Q

From where does the opthalmic artery arise?

A

Internal carotid

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72
Q

Name 7 braches of the opthalmic artery.

A

zygomaticotemporal zygomaticofacial lacrimal supraorbital supratrochlear dorsal nasal external nasal

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73
Q

What nerve does the dorsal nasal a. run with?

A

Infratrochlear n.

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74
Q

The External nasal a. is a branch of what?

A

Anterior Ethmoid a.

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75
Q

The Buccal a. is a division of the…

A

Maxillary a.

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76
Q

The mental a. is a division of the…

A

Inferior alveolar a.

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77
Q

The Transverse facial a. is a division of the…

A

Superficial temporal a.

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78
Q

What artery goes both into the infratemporal fossa and the PPF?

A

Maxillary a.

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79
Q

What are the contents of the Temporal Fossa?

A

Temporalis m. Superficial Temporal artery (and divisions Ant/Mid/Post) Maxillary artery (Deep temporal artery) Deep temporal nn (motor V3) Auriculotemporal n. (general sensory V3) Zygomaticotemporal n. (general sensory V2)

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80
Q

What are the 6 boundaries of the Infratemporal Fossa?

A

Medial - Lateral Pterygoid plate Lateral - ramus of mandible Anterior - posterior aspect of maxilla Posterior - stylomandibular ligament, condyle of mandible, mastoid/styloid processes, tympanic plate Superior - Inferior surface greater wing sphenoid Inferior - Medial pterygoid attachment to mandible

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81
Q

What 4 communications does the infratemporal fossa have?

A

Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Pterygomaxillary fissure Inferior orbital fissure

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82
Q

What are the 5 muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis Masseter Medial Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid Buccinator

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83
Q

What is the action of the temporalis m.?

A

Elevate and Retrude

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84
Q

What is the action of the Masseter m.?

A

Superficial head: Elevate and Protrude Deep head: Retrude from Protruded position

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85
Q

What is the action of the Lateral Pterygoid m.?

A

Alone: move mandible oppisite side Together: Protrude mandible

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86
Q

What is the action of the Medial Pterygoid m.?

A

Elevate and Protrude Mandible

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87
Q

What is the action of the Buccinator m.?

A

Compress cheeks to push food onto teeth

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88
Q

T/F The Pterygoid plate is anterior to the mandibular condyle.

A

True (think lateral pterygoid)

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89
Q

What three muscles of mastication elevate the mandible?

A

Masseter, Medial Pterygoid, and Temporalis

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90
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by, and what is the exception to the rule?

A

CN V innervates all but the Buccinator, which is innervated by CN VII

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91
Q

How many divisions does the Maxillary a. have?

A

3

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92
Q

Trace the divisions of the 1st part of the Maxillary a.

A

Inferior alveolar a. Anterior tympanic a. Deep auricular a. Middle meningeal a.

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93
Q

What are two further divisions of the Inferior alveolar a.?

A

Mylohyoid a. Mental a.

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94
Q

Does the mylohyoid a. enter the mandibular canal?

A

NO

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95
Q

Name all the arteries branching from the 2nd part of the Maxillary a.

A

Masseteric a. Ant. and Post. deep temporal aa. Pterygoid branches Buccal branch

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96
Q

What vv. make up the Retromandibular v.?

A

Maxillary v. and Superficial temporal v.

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97
Q

Where is the Pterygoid venous plexus?

A

The infratemporal fossa

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98
Q

T/F All the nerves in the infratemporal fossa are branches of V3.

A

False. All EXCEPT the Chorda Tympani and OTIC ganglion

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99
Q

What two pathways utilize the Chorda Tympani?

A

Facial n. Parasympathetic to the salivary glands (submandibular and sublingual) Facial n. Special sensory to the Ant. 2/3 Tongue (this is the LINGUAL n.)

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100
Q

What is the artery and nerve coming through the Sphenopalatine foramen?

A

Sphenopalatine a. Nasopalatine n.

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101
Q

T/F The Hypoglossal n. goes through the infratemporal fossa.

A

FALSE CNXII - it’s right in its name - the HYPOglossal innervates from underneath the tongue and takes a different pathway to get there (Hypoglossal Canal > Tongue)

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102
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus and the Pontine Trigeminal nucleus are only used by…

A

CN V

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103
Q

The nucleus ambiguous serves what functions in what nerves?

A

Branchial motor IX and X

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104
Q

What is the Parasympathetic motor nucleus in CN III?

A

Edinger Westfall nucleus

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105
Q

What is the motor nucleus for CN V?

A

Trigeminal motor nucleus

106
Q

What are the 3 general sensory modalities?

A

Mesencephalic: Muscle proprioception Pontine trigeminal: Touch Nucleus of Spinal Tract: Pain/Temp

107
Q

What is the special sensory nucleus for CN VII?

A

Nucleus Solitarius

108
Q

Name the cranial nerves that use the Nucleus Solitarius.

A

CN VII, IX, X

109
Q

What is the Parasympathetic nucleus for VII?

A

Superior Salivatory nucleus

110
Q

What is the Parasympathetic nucleus for IX?

A

Inferior Salivatory nucleus

111
Q

What general sensory nucleus serves 3 C.N.’s?

A

Nerve of the Spinal Tract (XII, IX, X)

112
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus Ambiguous and what nerves use it?

A

Branchial Motor IX and X

113
Q

What is the parasympathetic nucleus for X?

A

Dorsal Vagal nucleus

114
Q

What is the Ganglion and location for CN III?

A

Ciliary In eye (parasympathetic)

115
Q

What is the Ganglion and location for CN V?

A

Trigeminal Ganglion.

116
Q

Where is the Ganglion for CN VII?

A

Geniculate - in facial canal (Sensory) Pterygopalatine/Submandibular (Parasympathetic)

117
Q

What are the 2 ganglion used by CN IX?

A

Superior/Inferior Glossopharyngeal Otic ganglion

118
Q

What ganglion does the vagal nerve use?

A

Superior/Inferior Vagal

119
Q

Where is the main trunk of V3 found? Is it mostly motor or sensory?

A

Infratemportal fossa Mostly motor (one sensory branch)

120
Q

Does the posterior division off the main trunk of V3 have a sensory branch?

A

YES it is mostly sensory

121
Q

What muscles are innervated by nn.’s coming off the main branch of V3?

A

Tensor Tympani Tensor veli palatini Medial Pterygoid

122
Q

What innervates the dura in the middle cranial fossa?

A

V3 (branch off main trunk)

123
Q

Name 3 mm. innervated by the Anterior branch of V3?

A

Lateral pterygoid Masseter Temporalis

124
Q

What is the one motor innervation coming off the posterior branch of V3?

A

Mylohyoid n.

125
Q

Name 3 nn.’s coming from the Posterior division of V3.

A

Aurioculotemporan n. Inferior Alveolar n. Lingual n.

126
Q

What kind of fibers does the Lingual n. carry?

A

General Sensory (this is a V3 n.) AND Special Sensory (Facial n. rides along)

127
Q

What kinds of fibers does the Chorda Tympani carry?

A

Parasympathetic (to submandibular/sublingual glands) Special Sensory (to Ant 1/3 tongue)

128
Q

Is the Inferior Alveolar n. entirely sensory?

A

No. It has one motor branch - the n. to the Mylohyoid.

129
Q

What function is associated with Otic ganglion?

A

Parasympathetic (to parotid)

130
Q

Where does the special sensory function CN IX synapse?

A

Nucleus Solitarius (remember, cell body is in the Inferior Glossopharyngeal Ganglia)

131
Q

What is the order, posterior to anterior, of the IA a., IA n., and Lingual n.?

A

IA a. IA n. Lingual n.

132
Q

What n. travels into the Pterygoid Canal?

A

Greater Petrosal n. (CN VII parasympathetic pathway to lacrimal/mucous gland of nose) (Pterygoid a.runs out of the PPF)

133
Q

What n. travels through the foramen rotundum?

A

V2

134
Q

What n. travels through the sphenopalatine foramen?

A

Nasopalatine n.

135
Q

T/F The blood supply to the teeth is entirely Maxillary.

A

True

136
Q

What are the branches that provide blood to the teeth?

A

Mandibular - Inferior Alveolar a. Maxillary - PSA, MSA, ASA (this comprises the 4 alveolar aa.)

137
Q

What are the 3 branches directly off of V2 in the PPF?

A

PSA n. Zygomatic n. (zygomaticofacial/zygomaticotemporal) Infraorbital n.

138
Q

What is the n. going to the Maxillary molars out of the PPF? How does it get there?

A

PSA n. passes through posterior superior alveolar foramen

139
Q

Name the artery and nerve passing through the Sphenopalatine foramen.

A

Nasopalatine n. Sphenopalatine a.

140
Q

What are the nerves that pass through the Pterygopalatine Ganglion?

A

Greater palatine n. Lesser palatine n. Nasopalatine n. Posterior lateral nasal n. Pharyngeal n.

141
Q

What n. does Parasympathetic CN VII pathway use?

A

Greater petrosal n.

142
Q

What n. enters the Pterygoid canal?

A

Nerve o the pterygoid canal. (combo of Greater and deep petrosal nn.)

143
Q

T/F The parasympathetic pathway of VII innervates the palate.

A

TRUE (smooth muscles in the hard and soft palate) So, Lacrimal, mucous nose, and hard/soft palate

144
Q

What pathway does CNVII take to get to the hard/soft palate?

A

Superior Salivatory nucleus > Pterygopalatine ganglion > nasopalatine n. > nasal septum > incisive foramen OR Pterygopalatine ganglion > greater palatine n. > palatine canal > greater palatine foramen

145
Q

Where is Alar cartilage?

A

Tip of the nose

146
Q

What is the area superior to the superior conchae? What does it open into?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess Sphenoid sinus

147
Q

Where is the Superior Meatus of the nose? What does it open into?

A

below the superior conchae Posterior ethmoid air cells

148
Q

What is below the middle conchae of the nose?

A

The middle meatus

149
Q

Where is the inferior meatus? What opens onto it?

A

Below the inferior conchae nasolacrimal duct

150
Q

What is the Ethmoid Bulla?

A

A bulge made by the ethmoid air cells

151
Q

What opens onto the Middle meatus?

A

Frontal sinus Maxillary sinus Anterior ethmoid air cells

152
Q

What sinus opens into the superior meatus?

A

posterior ethmoid air cells

153
Q

What sinus opens ont the Sphenoethmoidal recess?

A

sphenoid sinus

154
Q

What sinus open onto the middle meatus?

A

Frontal and Maxillary sinuses (and ant. ethmoid air cells)

155
Q

What sinus opens up onto the inferior meatus?

A

No sinus per se just nasolacrimal duct

156
Q

T/F The Maxillary a. supplies all the blood to the nose.

A

False (facial a. and Opthalmic a.)

157
Q

Name all the arteries that supply the nose.

A

Sphenopalatine a. Lateral posterior nasal branches (lateral nasal wall) Greater palatine artery Facial a. (only non-maxillary external carotid) Opthalmic a. (ant/post ethmoidal aa.)

158
Q

How does the greater palatine get blood to the nose?

A

Through the incisive foramen upwards into the septum.

159
Q

How do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal aa. get to the nose?

A

Exit ant/post ethmoidal foramen in the orbit > cribiform plate >descend into nasal cavity

160
Q

What foramen passes through the Cribiform Plate?

A

The anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen.

161
Q

What sources provide blood to the superior and anterior septum and lateral walls?

A

Ant/Post Ethmoid aa. (from Opthalmic) Branches of the Facial a. (EC) Greater Palatine (Maxillary)

162
Q

What artery provides blood supply to the posterior and inferior septum and lateral walls?

A

Sphenopalatine (from Maxillary) and its Lateral nasal branches

163
Q

Nasocilliary n. Pathway:

A

This is a V1 pathway. Cell bodies Trigeminal G. > cavernous sinus > superior orbital fissure > Orbit > ant/post ethmoidal foramen > cribiform plate > Anterior and Superior septum and lateral walls.

164
Q

Name 3 things going through the incisive foramen.

A

Sphenopalatine a. (going down) Nasopalatine n. (going down) Greater palatine a. (going up)

165
Q

From what does the superior and inferior posterior lateral nasal n. arise? What does it innervate?

A

Nasopalatine n. posterior and inferior lateral nasal wall

166
Q

What, in the nose, does the nasopalatine innervate?

A

The septum (posterior inferior)

167
Q

What, in the nose, does the Anterior Ethmoid innervate?

A

Septum and lateral walls (anterior and superior)

168
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of glands and smooth muscle of the nose:

A

CN VII Superior Salivatory nucleus > Internal acoustic meatus > facial canal > Greater petrosal n. > Pterygoid canal > PPF > Pterygopalatine Ganglion > Nasopalatine n. through Sphenopalatine foramen > targets in nose

169
Q

How does the Sympathetic innervation of the nose enter the PPF?

A

synapse in superior cervical chain ganglia > IC > Deep petrosal n. joins Greater petrosal at Pterygoid canal.

170
Q

Frontal sinus: Innervation Blood Supply Drainage

A

V1 Supraorbital n. Branch of opthalmic (supratrochlear/dorsonasal) Drains into middle meatus

171
Q

Ethmoidal sinus (aka ethmoid air cells): Innervation Blood Supply Drainage

A

V1 (remember ethmoidal foramen in cribiform) Anterior Ethmoid (branch opthalmic) Drainage: Anterior - Middle meatus, Posterior - Superior meatus

172
Q

Sphenoidal sinus: innervation blood supply drainage

A

V1 and CN VII Maxillary a. (sphenopalatine a.) Sphenoethmoidal recess

173
Q

Maxillary sinus: Innervation Blood Supply Drainage

A

V2 Maxillary a. (infraorbital a.and PSA) Middle meatus

174
Q

What is the one thing that drains into the Inferior meatus of the nose?

A

The nasolacrimal duct

175
Q

What is superior to the maxillary sinus?

A

the orbit

176
Q

What is medial to the maxillary sinus?

A

nasal cavity (inferior nasal conchae)

177
Q

What is inferior to the maxillary sinus?

A

Teeth (maxillary sinus located in body of maxilla)

178
Q

What are the two arches seen posteriorly when the mouth is open?

A

Palatoglossal arch Palatopharyngeal arch

179
Q

Where is the columella?

A

Groove tip of nose

180
Q

T/F The philthrim runs obliquely from the lateral nose

A

False Philthrim is medial (nasolabial groove runs obliquely)

181
Q

Arterial supply to the upper lip: Arterial supply to the lower lip:

A

Superior labial (from facial) Inferior labial (from facial)

182
Q

Sensory nerve supply, Upper lip: Lower lip:

A

V2 V3

183
Q

Motor n. supply to the lips:

A

Facial n. CN VII

184
Q

What is the arterial supply to the cheeks?

A

Buccal (from Maxillary)

185
Q

Upper half cheek sensory n. Lower half cheek sensory n.

A

V2 V3

186
Q

What is the motor nerve supply to the cheek?

A

VII remember: this is the only muscle of mastication that isn’t innervated by V3

187
Q

What is palatal rugae?

A

Bumps on top of palate (probably a chewing aid)

188
Q

Do the palate and pharynx contain taste buds?

A

YES CN X

189
Q

What branchial arches are the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue derived from?

A

1st arch 3rd arch

190
Q

Embryologically, what does the sulcus terminalis represent?

A

Where the 1st branchial arch meets the 3rd.

191
Q

What are the general and special sensory innervations for and Anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

General - CN V (V3) Special - CN VII

192
Q

What are the general and special sensory innervations for the Posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

CN IX does both

193
Q

What tongue muscle curls superiorly and shortens?

A

Superior longitudinal

194
Q

What does the inferior longitudinal m. do in the tongue?

A

Curls inferiorly and shortens

195
Q

What are the functions of the vertical mm. and transverse mm. in the tongue?

A

Vertical - flattens Transverse - narrows

196
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Genioglossus m.?

A

Retract tip (superior fibers) Depress/protrude (middle fibers) Protrude/advance hyoid (inferior fibers)

197
Q

What nerve innervates the Genioglossus m.?

A

CN XII

198
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Hyoglossus m.?

A

Action: retrude tongue and draw downward (raise hyoid) Innervation: CN XII

199
Q

What is the action/innervation of the Styloglossus?

A

Retrude and draw sides upward CN XII

200
Q

What is the action/innervation of the Palatoglossus?

A

elevate tongue, depress palate CN X (remember, vagus goes to epiglottis)

201
Q

The tongue tends to deviate (away from/toward) the side of injury.

A

Toward

202
Q

What innervates the stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, and styloglossus?

A

Stylohyoid - CN VII Stylopharyngeus - CN IX Styloglossus - CN XII

203
Q

What muscle can protrude, retrude, and depress the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

204
Q

What mm. elevate the tongue?

A

Styloglossus Palatoglossus

205
Q

What mm. retrude the tongue?

A

genioglossus styloglossus hyoglossus

206
Q

From whence does blood come to the tongue?

A

External carotid > Lingual a. > dorsal lingual > deep and sublingual aa.

207
Q

Where does the Lingual n. go and what fibers does it carry?

A

Anterior 2/3 tongue Carries general sensory from V3 and special sensory from VII (chorda tympani)

208
Q

How many nn. innervate the tongue and where are they?

A

Ant 2/3 - CN V, CN VII, CN XII Post 1/3 - CN IX, CN XII Palatoglossus - CN X

209
Q

What muscle in the tongue isn’t innervated by the Hypoglossus n?

A

The palatoglossus (vagus)

210
Q

T/F The muscles of the tongue are derived from Branchial arches.

A

FALSE They are derived from somites. (therefore, somatic motor)

211
Q

What is the primary function of the Lingual n.?

A

Think general sensory (although chroda tympani special sensory rides along)

212
Q

Where are the Cell bodies for the general sensory function of the posterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Superior and inferior glossopharyngeal and vagal ganglia

213
Q

Where are the cell bodies in special sensory function of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Geniculate ganglion

214
Q

Does CN XII go through the infratemporal fossa?

A

no. HYPOglossal

215
Q

From whence does blood supply come for the tongue?

A

Lingual a. - coming off EC

216
Q

Where does the mylohyoid derive its blood supply from?

A

Maxillary a.

217
Q

What are the innervations of the mm. in the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid - V3 Geniohyoid - CN XII Genioglossus - CN XII

218
Q

What nerve and what function innervates the submandibular gland?

A

Chorda tympani (riding with lingual n.) from VII Parasympathetic function

219
Q

The hypoglossal function in the tongue is entirely:

A

Motor

220
Q

The lingual artery is a branch of the ….

A

External carotid

221
Q

What are 3 branches of the lingual a.?

A

Dorsal lingual Sublingual Deep lingual

222
Q

The submandibular and sublingual glands get their blood supply from the same source.

A

FALSE Submandibular - submental branch of Facial a. (from EC) Sublingual - sublingual branch of Lingual a. (from EC)

223
Q

Trace the full parasympathetic innervation of the Submandibular glands

A

From CN VII Salivatory nucleus > int acoustic meatus > facial canal > chorda tympani > middle ear > petrotympanic fissure > infratemporal fossa > rides with lingual n. of V3 > synapse in submandibular ganglion > targets

224
Q

What pathway does the sympathetic response use innervating the Sublingual and submandibular glands?

A

T1-L2 > synapse in superior cervical ganglion > ride with facial a. and lingual a. to reach glands

225
Q

All of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by CN XII, except?

A

Palatoglossus - CN X

226
Q

All of the muscles of the palate are innervated by CN X, except?

A

Tensor velli palatini - CN V3

227
Q

All of the mm. in the pharynx are innervated by CN X, except?

A

Stylopharyngeus - CN IX

228
Q

What are the 3 regions of the phaynx?

A

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

229
Q

What mm. pull the soft palate up?

A

Levator Veli Palatini (base auditory tube) Tensor Veli Palatini (pterygoid fossa)

230
Q

All the mm. of the soft palate are innervates by ___, except _____, which is innervated by ______.

A

X Tensor Veli Palatini V3

231
Q

What mm. act to pull down the soft palate?

A

Palatopharyngeus Palatoglossus Musculus uvulae

232
Q

What muscle pops you ears?

A

Tensor Velli Palatini

233
Q

What muscle is considered to be both part of the tongue and soft palate?

A

Palatoglossus

234
Q

What muscle of the soft palate starts in the Pterygoid fossa?

A

Tensor velli palatini

235
Q

What defines the border between the hard and soft palate?

A

Palatal aponeurosis

236
Q

What 2 arteries supply the palate?

A

Descending palatine (greater and lesser from PPF) Ascending palatine from the Facial a.

237
Q

Motor pathway for mm. in soft palate:

A

Nucleus Ambiguous > jugular foramen > palatal mm. EXCEPT for tvp (V3)

238
Q

General sensory pathway for the palate midline to canines:

A

V2 Cell bodies Trigeminal ganglion > foramen rotundum > PPF > Nasopalatine n. > sphenopalatine foramen > nasal septum > Incisive foramen

239
Q

General sensory pathway for canines to soft palate:

A

V2 to PPF > Descending palatine n. > greater palatine canal > greater palatine foramen

240
Q

General sensory pathway for the soft palate:

A

V2 to PPF > Descending palatine n. > lesser palatine canal > lesser palatine foramen

241
Q

Trace the sympathetic fibers to the palate:

A

T1-L2 > synapse superior cervical ganglia > hitchhike IC > Deep Petrosal n. > joins greater petrosal n. at pterygoid canal > PPF > through PPF ganglion > greater and lesser PALATINE and NASOPALATINE routes to palate

242
Q

T/F The parasympathetic pathway for CN VII to the palate uses the nasopalatine n. only.

A

False uses both nasopalatine and descending palatine nn.

243
Q

What is the breakdown of the Constrictor mm. of the Pharynx?

A

4 Superior 2 Middle 2 Inferior

244
Q

What is the function of the constrictor mm. of the pharynx?

A

Constrict during swallowing

245
Q

All the pharyngeal constrictor mm. are innervated by…

A

X

246
Q

All pharyngeal constrictor mm. attach to…

A

median raphae

247
Q

The superior pharyngeal constrictor mm. attach to raphae and:

A

pterygoid hamulus/pterygomandibular raphae/mandible/pharyngeal tubercle

248
Q

The middle constrictor mm. attach to:

A

hyoid and median raphae

249
Q

the inferior constrictor mm. attach to:

A

thyroid/cricoid cartilage and median raphae

250
Q

What mm. attaches the auditory tube to the pharynx?

A

Salpingopharyngeus

251
Q

The 3 -pharyngeus mm. (palato, stylo, salpingo), are innervated by:

A

palato - X stylo - IX salpingo - X

252
Q

Where does the larynx derive its blood supply?

A

Superior Thyroid from EC Inferior Thyroid from Subclavian branches

253
Q

Branchial motor innervation to the pharynx:

A

Nucleus Ambiguous > jug foramen > pharynx (everything but the sytylopharyngeus)

254
Q

What innervates the Nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal n. via pharyngeal canal (V2)

255
Q

What is the general sensory pathway to the pharynx?

A

jug foramen > superior/inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia & Vagal ganglia > pharynx (IX & X)

256
Q

How does the sympathetic pathway arrive at the pharynx?

A

Synapse superior cervical ganglia and hitchhike onto vessels.

257
Q

Parasympathetic pathway to the pharynx:

A

Dorsal Vagal Motor Nucleus > jug foramen > synapse on or near target > gland (X)

258
Q

Where is the parasympathetic ganglion for CN X?

A

there are none

259
Q

What layer in the pharynx can easily carry infection?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia (because it is continuous with pre-tracheal fascia)

260
Q

From anterior to posterior, name the layers of the pharynx:

A

Mucosa Submucosa Fibrous pharyngobasilar fascia (attaches to skull) Muscular layer Buccopharyngeal layer

Tim's Cards (140 decks)

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