Ortho Exam 1 Flashcards
Trace cephs are traced with what?
Not what?
Pencil
permanent marker
2 geometric measurements used in cephalometrics
Linear
Angular
Cephalometrics can be used in prosthetics
True
How often do you need to do cephs to track growth?
every year
To get a better tracing you need part of the soft tissue blocked out so you can see it better
True
Digital films used in cephalometrics?
True
Who first introduced cephalometric analysis that was useful in diagnosis and research in ortho?
What year?
Dr. Downs
1948
Growth occurs in what 2 ways?
Sutural
Appositional
The Steiner analysis is the best cephalometric analysis
False
*all pretty good
What is the most effective way to determine factors of growth?
Serial cephalometric images layered
What films are a good way to detect impacted teeth?
Lateral Head Films
Headfilm tracings can be used by multiple operators
True
Headfilms traced by different operators will be identical in angular and linear measurements
False
What is needed to correctly trace head films?
Tooth template
Cephalometric headfilms can be used in 3D
True
How many colors are used when tracing images so you can track progress/movement in cephalometrics?
3
You have to have the patient bite in _____ occlusion for _____ films
Centric
Head
Lateral head films only measure what 2 things?
Horizontal
Vertical
There is no use for taking frontal head films for cephalometric purposes
What is the standard of care?
True
CBCT/ICAD
Don’t take what films for cephalometric purposes?
Instead use the standard of care…
Frontal head films
CBCT/ICAD
Who first introduced cephalomentrics to orthodontics in 1915?
Loon
The distance from X-ray film head and the film itself is a set distance
True
The key ridge is over the
MB cusp of Mx 1M
Greek root of cephalometrics
Skull
*to measure skull
3D ICAD can measure the skull in 3D
True
Qualitative measurements cannot be made in a lateral head film
Lateral head films good for what?
Lateral head films measure what?
True
Impacted teeth
Horizontal/Vertical only
Growth can be predicted with one film
False
The furthest away from a sensor is ___% magnification projected the biggest
9.7%
The best way to determine vectors is ceph drawings 1 year apart
True
Serially placing ceph drawings on each other is the best way to determine vectors of growth (1 year apart)
True
Cephalometric head films can be digitized
True
The info you get from the head film is good for a lot of people
True
Digital head films can be sent electronically
True
a year is a reasonable time between head films and growth patterns/good time to retake films
True
3 drugs that trigger hyperplastic gingival response
Phenytoin
Ca channel blockers
Immunosuppressives
2 drugs that inhibit orthodontic movement
Bisphosphonates
Prostaglandin-inhibitors
2 allergies important in Ortho
Nickel
Latex
Radoiograph including TMJ
Radiograph w/ skeletal/dental relationships
Radiography revealing asymmetries
Pano
Lateral cephalometric
Posterior cephalometric
3 main planes of the 3D-3T diagnosis and treatment objectives worksheet
Transverse
Saggital
Vertical
Teeth in centric relation and the lips relaxed
Natural head posture
patient exam
3 categories for Orthodontic database
Extraoral
Intraoral
Skeletal
4 aspects of Transverse soft tissue diagnosis:
Buccal corridors
Facial fifths
Facial type (dolicho, meso, brachy)
Midline symmetry
7 aspects of the Saggital soft tissue Dx:
Profile (convex/straight/concave)
Nasolabial angle
Lips
Bimaxillary Protrusive profile (lip thickness)
Mentolabial angle
Maxilla
Mandible
9 aspects of Vertical soft tissue Dx:
Lip competent/incompetent
Lip incompetence + Mentalis strain
Facial thirds
Lower face height (short/brachyfacial, normal/mesofacial, long/dolichofacial)
Smile arc
Upper incisor exposure
Length upper incisor crowns
Incisor display
Gingival display
The mean value for upper incisor exposure in females:
in males:
- 7mm
3. 9mm
5 Transverse aspects of Skeletal Dx:
Posterior Crossbite
PA ceph
Arches (constricted/wide)
Arch forms (ovoid/v/square)
3-3, 6-6 widths
Saggital aspects of Skeletal Dx:
Cephalometrics
Vertical aspects of Skeletal Dx:
Occlusal canting
Mandibular divergency
Face height
Vertical Maxilla
Dental Dx, Transverse:
Functional shift
Lateral variations
Midlines
Dental Dx, Saggital:
Class I
Class II, div1
Class II, div2
Labially positioned incisors, classII, div2
Class III
Overjet
Ant crossbite
Dental Dx, Vertical:
Occlusal cant
Curve of Spee
Overbite
Lateral open bite
ALD
Arch length discrepencay
crowding/spacing
Arch length - Width of teeth =
(-) Crowding
(+) Spacing
The Bolton discrepancy is a _____ ratio discrepancy
Not a _____ discrepancy
tooth size
arch length
2 most common causes of Bolton Discrepancy
Peg laterals
Missing teeth
