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Tim's Cards > Musculoskeletal Final > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Final Flashcards

1
Q

List some anatomical features of the clavicle, distal to medial:

A

Acromial End, Trapazoid line, Conoid tubercle, sublclavian groove, Sternal end

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2
Q

Name 4 fossae of the scapula.

A

Supraspinous
Infraspinous
Subscapular
Glenoid

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3
Q

Where is the acromion process of the scapula found in relation to the coracoid process?

A

Acromion is an extension of the Scapular Spine and the Coracoid is deep to it.

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4
Q

What notch/foramen is below the Acromion Process?

A

Spinoglenoid foramen

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5
Q

What process make the arch under which the supraspinatus tendon passes?

A 
The acromion
(3 types - flat, curved, and hooked)
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6
Q

Where does the deltoid attach to the humerus?

A

Halfway down

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7
Q

What is the name of the shoulder joint?

A

Gleno-humoral joint

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8
Q

What’s bigger - the anatomical or surgical neck of the humerus?

A

Surgical

anatomical just articulation

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9
Q

What is a main feature of the Sternoclavicular joint?

A

Articular disc!

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10
Q

What ligament connects the two clavicles?

A

Interclavicular ligament

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11
Q

Name 4 ligaments in the sternoclavicular joint.

A

Interclavicular
Ant. sternoclavicular joint
Post. sternoclavicular joint
Costo-clavicular

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12
Q

_______ is part of the acromioclavicular joint.

A

An articular disc

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13
Q

What are the two coracoclavicular ligaments?

A

Trapezoid

Conoid

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14
Q

What are the 3 Glenohumoral Ligaments?

A

Inferior, Middle, Superior

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15
Q

What is the most important glenohumoral ligament in terms of stability?

A

Inferior

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16
Q

What kind of disc is found in the glenoid labrum?

A

Fibrocartilage disc

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17
Q

T/F

There is one glenohumoral bursa

A

False.

The shoulder has many bursae

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18
Q

What is the primary Glenohumoral bursa?

What is its function?

A

Subacromial

Cushions rotator cuff

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19
Q

What two structures form an arch over the humoral head?

A

Coracoacromial ligament

Subacromial bursa

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20
Q

Is the scapulothoracic a true articulation?

A

No. lacks a ligament or bony connection.

Only has loose CT

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21
Q

With what frequency does pathology occur within the coracoclavicular joint and what population is it more common?

A

1-9%

Asians

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22
Q

What are the 4 anterior muscles of the axioappendicular muscles?

A

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Subclavius
Serratus Anterior

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23
Q

Origin, insertion, action, innervation for Pec Major:

A

medial 1/2 clavicle & sternum > bicipital groove
humeral/horizontal adduction
medial/lateral pectoral n.

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24
Q

What could shorten the pectoralis minor?

A

hunching over a computer all day

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25
Q

What is the origin/insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

Upper ribs (3-5) > medial coracoid process

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26
Q

What muscle in the axioappendicular is innervated by a nerve of the same name?

A

Subclavius

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27
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation of the serratus anterior?

A

Upper 8 Ribs > Anterior Scapula

Long thoracic n.

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28
Q

Name the 6 posterior axioappendicular muscles.

A

Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, omohyoid

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29
Q

Cervical and Thoracic spine > Scapular spine/clavicle

CN XI and C3/C4

A

Trapezius

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30
Q

Spinous processes lower 6 Thoracic + lower 3-4 ribs + iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia > Floor of bicipital groove

A

Lat. Dorsi

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31
Q

What nerve innervates the Latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal n.

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32
Q

What is the function of the two Rhomboids (major and minor)?

A

Scapular retraction

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33
Q

What innervates the Omohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis n. (of the cervical plexus)

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34
Q

What are the 6 Scapulohumeral Muscles?

A 
Deltoid 
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Teres Major
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35
Q

What four muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

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36
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle is injured the most?

A

Supraspinatus

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37
Q

Why are 4 separate muscles considered one rotator cuff?

A

Blends together around the humoral head with a conjoined tendon.

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38
Q

T/F

The Teres Major is part of the Rotator Cuff?

A

False

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39
Q

What innervate the Teres Major and Teres Minor?

A

Lower subscapular n.

Axillary n.

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40
Q

What are the 3 anterior muscles of the arm?

A

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

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41
Q

What are the 2 posterior muscles of the arm?

A

Triceps

Anconeus

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42
Q

What innervates the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous n.

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43
Q

What innervates the 2 muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Radial n.

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44
Q

What are the 3 articulations in the elbow?

A

humero-radial
humero-ulnar
Proximal Radioulnar

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45
Q

What is the large rounded distal epicondyle of the humerus and with what does it articulate?

A

Capitellum

Radius

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46
Q

What is the humoral articular surface with the ulna?

A

Trochlea

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47
Q

name 2 anterior fossa of the distal humerus.

A

coronoid

radial

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48
Q

What is the name of the posterior fossa of the distal humerus?

A

Olecranon

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49
Q

The Ulna ______ in size distally, while the radius ______ in size distally.

A

Decreases

Increases

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50
Q

What separates the distal end of the ulna from the carpal bones?

A

TFCC

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

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51
Q

What inserts into the ulnar and radial tuberosities?

A

Biceps

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52
Q

What is the round articular surface on radius called where it articulates with the humerus?

A

Articular fovea

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53
Q

What is the function of the annular ligament?

A

Cups the head of the radius at radio-humeral joint.

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54
Q

Anatomically, the humeroradial is what type of joint?

A

Ball and socket

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55
Q

The humeroradial joint articulates what two surfaces?

A

Capitellum with the Articular Fovea

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56
Q

The humeroradial joint is better at absorbing _____ compression than ______ compression.

A

lateral

medial

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57
Q

T/F

The reason the humeroradial joint is resistant to lateral forces is because of the radial collateral ligament.

A

False

Most resistance is structural and comes from Capitellum

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58
Q

What type of joint is the humeroulnar?

A

True hinge joint

very stable

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59
Q

What results in carrying an angle at the elbow?

A

The asymmetrical nature of the Trochlea in the humerus

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60
Q

What makes up the Ulnar Medial (collateral) ligament?

A

Anterior, Posterior, and Transverse bands

61
Q

What is the point of articulation in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Radial head > Radial notch of ulna

62
Q

What type of joint is the radioulnar?

A

Ellipsoid

63
Q

What degree of freedom does the radioulnar joint allow?

A

Supination and pronation

64
Q

What ligament holds the radial head against the ulna?

A

Annular L.

65
Q

What does the annular ligament both originate in and insert to?

A

The Coronoid Process

66
Q

What ligament prevents traction in the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Annular Ligament

67
Q

What motions does the Annular Ligament allow?

A

Pronation and Supination

68
Q

How many carpal bones in the hand?

A

8

2 rows of 4

69
Q

Name 3 joints of the wrist.

A

Distal Radioulnar
Radiocarpal
Midcarpal

70
Q

What is unique about the Pisiform carpal bone?

A

Lies anterior to the triquetrium and forms the Tunnel of Guyon with the Hamate

71
Q

What is the Tunnel of Guyon?

A

Forms a passage between the Pisiform and Hamate that the Ulnar n. passes through

72
Q

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle:

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
73
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid

74
Q

What bone is palpable at the snuff box?

A

Scaphoid

75
Q

How many Metacarpals are there?

A

5

76
Q

How many phalanges are there?

A

14

77
Q

How many metacarpal joints are there?

A

5

78
Q

How many proximal interphalangeal joints are there?

A

4

79
Q

How many distal interphalangeal joints are there?

A

4

80
Q

How many Interphalangeal joints are there?

A

1 (thumb)

81
Q

What are the three groups of the flexor compartment (Anterior) of the forearm muscles?

A

Superficial, Intermediate, and Deep

82
Q

What innervates almost all of the flexor muscles of the forearm?

A

Median n.

83
Q

What are the four muscles of the superficial group of the flexor forearm muscles?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

84
Q

What makes up the intermediate group of the flexor forearm?

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

one muscle - don’t know why this is a “group”

85
Q

What muscle of the deep forearm flexion group has 2 innervations?

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundis
Median n. 2 & 3
Ulnar n. 4 & 5

86
Q

What nerve innervates all extensor muscles of the forearm?

A

Radial n.

87
Q

What are the 4 groups of the extensor forearm muscles and how many per group?

A

Lateral, Medial, Outcropping, and Miscellaneous groups

3 muscles per group

88
Q

Which group of the extensor forearm muscles makes the anatomical snuff box?

A

Outcropping Group

89
Q

1 Soup Now

A

Extensor Indicis
Supinator
Anconeous

90
Q

What are the functions of the Palmar Aponeurosis?

A

Grip, protection (it’s thick)

also - deep insertion into palmar ligaments

91
Q

What is the thickening of the palmar fascia that contributes to flexion of the two ulnar fingers?

A

Dupuytren’s Contracture

(something also about males over 50)

92
Q

What are the boundaries of the carpal tunnel?

A

Hook of Hamate and Pisiform (ulnar) to Scaphoid tubercle and Crest of Trapezium (radial)
+
Transverse carpal ligament (on palmar (volar) side)

93
Q

How many structures does the Carpal Tunnel have?

A

10

94
Q

What are the 10 structures of the Carpal Tunnel

A 
9 tendons 
1 nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis (4T)
Flexor digitorum profundus (4T)
Flexor pollicis longus (1T)
Median n.
95
Q

What is a characteristic of all carpal tendons?

A

Synovial sheaths

96
Q

What is it called when a synovial sheath of the carpal tunnel swells?

A

Tenosynovitis

97
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is an inflammation of what?

A

synovial sheaths

98
Q

What nerve can suffer damage in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median n.

99
Q

Double Crush

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A

something about Proximal Compression

in carpal tunnel syndrome

100
Q

What is Trigger Finger?

A

inflamed synovial lining + compression = stuck finger

101
Q

Name the 4 muscles of the Thenar Eminence superficial to deep.

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis

102
Q

What are the three branches of the Aorta and where do they go?

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk (right)
Subclavian a. (left)
Common Carotid a. (left)

103
Q

Where does the axial a. to brachial a. division occur?

A

Teres Major

104
Q

What are the first two branches to come off the Subclavian a. ?

A

Vertebral a.

Thyrocervical a.

105
Q

What are 2 arteries that branch off the Thyrocervical Trunk?

A

Suprascapular a.

Transverse cervical a.

106
Q

What two arteries come off the Transverse Cervical a. and what do they supply?

A

Superficial branch > Trapezius

Deep branch > Rhomboids

107
Q

Trace the rhomboids blood supply back to the Aorta.

A

Rhomboids > Deep branch transverse cervical a. > Transverse cervical a. > Thyrocervical Trunk > Subclavian > Aorta

108
Q

When does the subclavian change to the Axillary?

A

After passes the 1st rib

109
Q

When does the Axillary artery change its name to Brachial?

A

After Teres Major

110
Q

The Thoraco-Acromial artery comes from what division of the Axillary and supplies what?

A

2nd Division Axillary

Pectoral, Acromial, Clavicular, Deltoid

111
Q

What are the boundaries of the brachial artery?

A

Inferior border of the Teres Major to the Cubital Fossa

112
Q

What is the 1st branch of the brachial artery and where does it go?

A

Profunda Brachii (follows the Radial n. deep and to the Posterior side)

113
Q

What happens to the vasculature at the elbow?

A

Anastomosis of:
Brachial a. and Ulnar a. around medial elbow.
&
w/ Profunda brachii/distal Radial a. on anterior/posterior lateral elbow

114
Q

Where does vasculature go after the elbow anastomosis?

A

Interosseous space in forearm
then,
Ulnar and Radial aa. continue distally

115
Q

Distal to the cubital fossa, what does the brachial a. divide into?

A

Radial a. and Ulnar a.

116
Q

What are the three arches of hand vasculature?

A

Superficial palmar
Deep palmar
Dorsal carpal

117
Q

What are the two divisions of digital arteries and which one is distal?

A

Common palmar

Proper palmar

118
Q

What veins do not parallel the arteries?

A

Cutaneous

119
Q

What are the two cutaneous veins in the arm?

A

Cephalic

Basilic

120
Q

What are the borders of the Cubital Fossa?

A

Pronator Teres
Brachioradialis
Line between epicondyles (of humerus?)

121
Q

T/F

The brachial plexus is formed by the dorsal ramii

A

False

122
Q

What comprises the roots of the Brachial Plexus?

A

Ventral Rami

123
Q

What will the brachial plexus mostly innervate?

A

Somatic muscle - motor and sensory

124
Q

What would a nerve traveling through a chain ganglia and using the brachial plexus pathway innervate?

A

Somatic smooth muscle (glands, erector pili)

125
Q

If a nerve innervates visceral smooth muscle, it goes through ______ ganglia

A

prevertebral (splanchnic)

126
Q

What spinal nerves make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5 - T1

127
Q

When are Trunks formed in the Brachial Plexus?

A

When the Roots come together

128
Q

The posterior division is _______ to the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus.

A

In between

129
Q

What are the three cords in the brachial plexus?

A

lateral
posterior
medial

130
Q

What are the branches of cords in the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral: Musculocutaneous & Lateral half median n.
Medial: Medial half median n. & Ulnar n.
Posterior: Axillary & Radial

131
Q

What is the musculocutaneous nerve called at its termination?

A

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.

132
Q

Mnemonic for Drawing plexus

A

You Young Mermaids LineUp in front of Poseidon’s UTLRA Trident

133
Q

Mnemonic for naming nerves

A

LSD SaLT MMMUMM

134
Q

What does the axillary n. innervate?

A

Deltoid

Teres Minor

135
Q

What spinal nerve contributions does the Ranial n. receive?

A

C5-T1

136
Q

The radial nerve travels down the what part of the humerus and with what brachial artery?

A

Posterior humerus

deep brachial artery

137
Q

Where does the radial nerve terminate?

What other nerves branch from it?

A

Dorsal Inerosseous n.
inferior lateral brachial cutaneous n.
posterior antebrachial cutaneous n.

138
Q

How many muscles does the radial nerve innervate?

A

13

139
Q

What does the Ulnar n. innervate?

A

medial hand / most muscles of hand

skin of hand

140
Q

What does the Median n. innervate?

A

Flexor muscles in the forearm
and a few hand muscles
specific portion of cutaneous lateral hand

141
Q

In the C5-T1 spinal nerves, what is the general pattern of innervation as move distally?

A

The more distal, the lower down the spine the innervation.

142
Q

What nerve is affected in upper humeral/surgical neck breaks?

A

Axillary n.

143
Q

A midshaft humeral break affects what nerve?

A

Radial n.

144
Q

A distal humeral fracture affects?

A

Median n.

145
Q

A medial epicondyle fracture affects?

A

Ulnar n.

146
Q

A dermatome represents what level of innervation?

A

Root level

147
Q

T/F

There are cutaneous nerves in the upper extremity that don’t come from the brachial plexus.

A

False

148
Q

What can be determined using dermatome testing?

A

Whether problem is root level or cutaneous level.

Tim's Cards (140 decks)

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