Ortho Exam II Flashcards
What are the 3 Growth Concepts?
Pattern
Variability
Timing
The Pattern growth concept refers to how proportional relationships change over ______
Variability is ______
Timing refers to _______ vs _______
Time
Quantitative (growth charts)
Developmental vs. Chronological age (Biologic Clock)
The cranial vault has what kind of growth?
Remodeling/growth occur where?
Bone is removed from inner surface and added to outer surface in response to what?
Intramembranous
Sutures
Growth of brain
Cranial base has what kind of growth?
Precedes the growth of the jaw and is not affected by what?
Endochondral
Growth of brain
Maxilla is what kind of growth?
Moves in what direction during growth?
Growth occurs where?
Intramembranous
Forward and Downward
Sutures connecting maxilla to cranium
Mandible has what kind of growth?
Direction?
Growth occurs where?
Endochondral and Periosteal
Downward and Forward
Condyles (endohcondral), Everywhere else (Periosteal)
Roof of mouth grows downward and forward by adding on oral and removing on ______
Nasal
Cranial Vault:
Cranial Base
Maxilla
Condyles
non condylar Mandible:
Intramembranous
Endochondral
Intramembranous
Endochondral
Periosteal
4 Direct measurements for assessing growth:
Craniometry - dry skulls
Anthropometry - soft tissue points covering bony landmarks
Cephalometric radiology - combines craniometry and anthropometry
3-D imaging - CBCT/MRI
2 Experimental measurements for assessing growth:
Vital Staining
Implant Radiography
Hemifacial Microsomia, deformed…
2 deficient soft tissues:
Occlusal plane…
external ear
Ramus/Mandible
Canted
Treacher Collins, what 2 areas underdeveloped?
Bilateral but maybe not…
_____ deformities
2 areas of hypoplasia:
Maxilla/Mandible
Symmetric
Ear
Malar/Mandibular
What is the most common congenital defect?
Cleft Lip/Palate
2 Craniosynostosis Syndromes:
Which is most common?
Crouzon’s syndrome (most common)
Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Crouzon’s Syndrome, hypoplasia where?
Crossbites where?
Crowding where?
Midface
Anterior/Posterior
Maxillary (severe)
Cleidocranial dysplasia, palate….
Deficient…
Teeth…
high arch
Premaxilla
multiple supernumerary/lack of permanent eruption
Primate space is seen in what dentition?
Maxillary:
Mandibular:
Primary
lateral incisors/canines
canines/first molars
Leeway space refers to what?
Space occupied by primary canines/molars often greater than succedaneous teeth
Leeway space in each Maxillary Quadrant:
Leeway space in each Mandibular Quadrant:
1-1.5 mm
2-2.5 mm
What is the greatest contributor to the Leeway Space?
To preserve Leeway space to alleviate Crowding, clinicians often use what?
Primary Second Molar
LLHA (lower lingual holding arch)
Early mesial shift refers to the mesial migration of the erupting mandibular ______
Occurring at what age?
Using up…
1st Molar
6 y/o
Mn primate space (leeway space)
Late mesial shift refers to the mesial migration of the erupting mandibular permanent first molar after what?
Using up the…
Occurring at what age?
Loss of Primary 2nd Molar
Leeway Space
11 y/o
Distalizers move the teeth where?
Backwards
3 types of Distalizers
Pendulum (T-Rex)
Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD)
Lip Bumper