Boards - Dental Anatomy Compendium Flashcards
Primary dentition quadrant formula
Permanent dentition quadrant formula
i 2/2 c 1/1 m 2/2
I 2/2 C 1/1 P 2/2 M 3/3
Contact areas for Maxillary Anterior teeth:
Mandibular Anterior teeth:
IJ JM JM
II II IM
Generally, the proximal contact area of all Posterior Teeth is located where?
The _______ contact is more occlusally positioned.
The contacts are ______ shaped and are slightly wider in a ______ dimension.
Middle 1/3 occlusocervically
mesial
ovoid, faciolingual
What are the 2 exceptions the the Generalities of Proximal contacts of Posterior teeth?
Mand 1 PM - mesial contact cervical to distal
Molars (Max and Mand) mesial contact = J
*J - junction occlusal and middle 1/3
Contact areas for Max Posterior teeth:
Contact areas for Mand Posterior teeth:
MM MM JM JM JM
MM MM JM JM JM
All teeth have proximal contact in the middle 1/3 faciolingually, with the exception of ______ teeth, which are located more facially.
Posterior
The Facial Heights of Contour are generally at the _______ of the crown.
What teeth have Facial Heights of Contour a little more occlusally (junction of Cervical and Middle 1/3)?
Cervical 1/3
Mandibular Molars
Facial Heights of Contour, aka…
Cervical Ridges
On what teeth are Facial Heights of Contour (cervical ridges) most prominent?
Where are they least prominent?
Mandibular Posterior
Mandibular Anterior
Anterior teeth have Cervical Ridges on both facial and lingual sides located where?
Cervical 1/3 all around
Posterior teeth have lingual Heights of Contour located where?
Exception? Where?
Middle 1/3
Mand 2 PM - Occlusal 1/3
The CEJ, aka cervical line goes ______ proximally
incisal/occlusal
The CEJ dips more on the ______ teeth
Dips more on what proximal surface?
Dips more on the Max or Mand teeth?
Anterior
Mesial
Maxillary
The most severe curvature of the CEJ is seen where?
The lease curvature?
Mesial Max CI’s
Distal Mand 3M
4 Embrasures around every tooth:
Occlusal
Gingival
Lingual
Facial
Generally, the facial/lingual embrasure is larger on permanent teeth.
Lingual
What are the 3 exceptions to Lingual embrasures being larger?
Max 1M
Mand 2 PM - 3 cusp variety
Mand CI’s - facial/lingual equal
List Incisal Embrasures largest to smallest: (6)
Max LI and Canine
Mand LI and Canine
Max CI and LI
Max CI’s
Mand CI and LI
Mand CI’s
Where is the largest Occlusal Embrasure?
Max Canine and 1st PM
When is the 1st evidence of in utero calcification?
When is the calcification of Crowns complete?
2nd Trimester/14 weeks
11 months (Max 2M)
_______ teeth usually erupt before their counterparts
*both primary and permanent
Mandibular
What are the 1st teeth to erupt?
What are the last?
Mand CI’s (10 months)
Max 2M (29 months)
When do all the roots complete formation?
What is the last to complete?
39 months
Max canines
What are the 1st permanent teeth that initiate calcification?
When does this occur?
1st Molars
After birth
Mandibular teeth usually erupt before Maxillary with what exception?
Max 2 PM
*erupt same/before Mand 1 PM
What are the 1st permanent teeth to erupt?
When does this occur?
1st Molars
6 years
*mixed dentition
What are the 1st succedaneous permanent teeth to erupt?
When?
Mand CI’s
6-7 yrs
What are the last succedaneous permanent teeth to erupt?
Max canines
What are the last teeth to initiate calcification, complete crown formation, and erupt?
When does the initiation of calcification begin?
3rd Molars
9 yrs
From the facial/lingual view, all teeth are what shape?
Trapezoidal
*short side gingival
From the Proximal view, the Anterior teeth are what shape?
The Max posterior?
The Mand posterior?
Triangular
Trapezoidal (short side occlusal)
Rhomboidal
If the Maxillary incisor is bisected over the long axis of the tooth where is the icisal edge?
Centered
If the Canine is bisected along its long axis (mesiodistal line), the cusp tip is located where?
*Where is it never?
Centered or facial
*Never lingual
If the Mandibular Incisors are bisected along the long axis of the tooth, where is the incisal edge?
Mandibular Canines?
Lingual
Lingual
Teeth with one facial cusp (canine, PM’s), what cusp ridge is generally shorter?
What are the 2 exceptions?
Mesial
Max 1 PM / Primary Max Canine
The crowns of teeth tend to get shorter from the ______ to the ______
Canine
3rd Molar
All teeth develop from ___ lobes.
What are the 3 exceptions?
4
Max 1M, Mand 1M, 3-cusp Mand 2PM
*5 lobe exceptions
T/F
Generally, the mesial portion of a tooth is better developed and measures more occlusocervically as well as cervicoapically than does the distal portion
True
When comparing within tooth classifications (molars, premolars, etc), the more _____ the tooth, the more likely supplemental (tertiary) anatomy is present
Posterior (distal)
Where is the largest cusp on the Molars?
Where is that on the Maxillaries?
Mandibular?
Mesial supporting cusp
ML
MF
The roots of all teeth are inclined _______
distally
If a single root has 2 canals, where will they be oriented?
Facial
Lingual
Teeth erupt as many pulp horns as there are _____
cusps
What Molar Roots have more than 1 canal and where are they located?
(5 of them)
Max 1M (MF root)
Mand 1M (M root)
Mand 1M (D root 31.6%)
Mand 2M (M root)
Mand 2M (D root 14.9%)
T/F
Maxillary anterior teeth have multiple canals
False
*Max do NOT have multiple canals
What are the 3 Anterior Roots with tendencies for more than 1 canal? (list most to least likely)
Additionally, what do all these teeth have?
Mand canine
Mand LI
Mand CI
***all have M & D root depressions
Describe the canals/roots of the Max PM’s
1st: ALWAYS 2 canals, usually 2 roots (F & L)
2nd: Variant (can have 2 canals, occasionally 2 roots)
What PM is most likely to have one root and one canal?
Mand 2nd
What is the only tooth that has a pulp wider mesiodisally than faciolingually?
Max CI
What shape are the Max CI’s and LI’s when viewed incisally in cross section?
Triangular
*taper faciolingually
Max CI: M-D crown dimension…
M curvature of cervical line toward incisal…
Incisal ridge _____ faciolingually
greatest of Anterior teeth
greatest of ANY tooth
centered
Max LI: M-D crown dimension…
Tooth with most developmental ______
Most ____ located contact area of any incisor
M-D and F-L dimensions _____ than any other anterior tooth
Incisor Ridge ______ faciolingually
smallest of any Maxillary tooth
anomalies
cervically
closer
centered
Mand CI: crown dimensions…
Crown is:
Proximoincisal line angles…
What tooth has similar Proximoincisal line angle?
Proximal contact areas are where?
Incisal edge ______ to faciolingual bisector (all Mand Ant)
smallest of ANY tooth
bilaterally symmetric
sharpest of any tooth
MI line angle Max LI
Both Incisal 1/3 (I)
Lingual
What are 3 unique characteristics shared between Mand CI and LI?
Fewest facial developments/features
smoothest lingual surface contours
least developed cingulum
Mand LI: describe Crown:
MI or DI is sharper?
Twisted on root
MI
Max Canine: Tied in tooth length with what?
Longest what of any tooth?
Greatest ______ dimensions of any Anterior tooth
Has a bulge where?
Cusp tip is centered and never _______
Greatest _______ and _______ prominences of any Anterior tooth
Distal contact area _______ FL and CI
Mand Canine
Root length
Facio-Lingual
Distally
Lingual
Cervical, Facial ridge prominences
Centered
Mand Canine: Tied for longest tooth length with what?
Longest what of any Mandibular tooth?
Longest what of ANY tooth?
What side aligned straight?
Facial crown and root what shape from the proximal?
Cusp tip/incisal edge is to what side of the F-L bisector?
ML and DL fossae borders the lingual ridge and the the ______ cervically
Max Canine
Root length
I-C crown length
Mesial crown/root
C shaped
Lingual (like all Mand Anteriors)
Cingulum
Max 1 PM: Only PM with ____ ridge longer *on facial cusp
Mesial Marginal Ridge has what?
Crown concavity where?
Root depression where?
L cusp ___ mm shorter than F cusp
Deep _____ developmental groove
Mesial
Developmental Groove
Mesial
Mesial
1.0mm
Central
Max 2 PM: More ______ than any other posterior tooth
Cusp heights are closer than any other _____
M and D fossae are very ______ (more than any other posterior tooth)
Bilaterally symmetrical
PM
close
Mand 1 PM: Only tooth that has what developmental groove?
Smallest Posterior tooth in what dimension?
FL and MD dimensions closer than any other Mand tooth, hence _____ shaped
Which proximal contact is more cervical?
From Lingual aspect can see _____ occlusal surface
Mesial marginal ridge sloped lingually ____ degrees and is cervical to Distal marginal ridge
L cusp is small and ______
ML groove
F-L
Diamond
Mesial
Sloped
45 degrees
non-functional (like cingulum)
Mand 2 PM: Two varieties:
3 cusp os the only PM with multiple cusps, develops from how many lobes?
3-cusp only PM with a lingual _____
3-cusp only PM with a central _____
3-cusp, along with Max 1M, only tooth crown does NOT taper_______
3-cusp PM Lingual height of contour where?
3-cusp PM most likely PM to be ______ missing
2 cusp U/H, 3 cusp Y
5 lobes
groove
fossa
Faciolingually (tapers facially)
Occlusal 1/3
Congenitally
Max 1M: Along with the Mand 2PM, the only tooth with what characteristic?
What augments the ML cusp?
Like all Max Molars, has what feature on the occlusal?
Like all Max Molar, 3 Primary cusp triangles:
Distal contact area is ________
Tapers facially (MD lingual greater than MD facial)
Cusp of Carabelli
Oblique Ridge
MF, DF, ML
Centered
Max 2M: How many cusps?
Which cusp is small?
Dital contact area is ______
Like all Max Molars, has what feature on the occlusal?
4 Primary, rarely a 5th
DL
Centered
Oblique Ridge
Max 3M: What dimension is smallest of any tooth?
Shortest ____ of any Max tooth
The distal inclination is ______ of any Max tooth
Primary Cusp Triangle is present (heart shaped) of has a vestige of a _____ cusp (talon)
Multiple ______ ridges and grooves
Like all Max Molars, what feature on the occlusal?
OC crown length
Root(s)
Greatest
DL
supplemental
Oblique Ridge
Mand 1M: Largest _____ dimension of ANY tooth (11 mm)
Largest _____ dimension of any Mand tooth (10.5 mm)
Largest ______ dimension of any Mand Molar:
Longest ______ length of ANY MOLAR:
Greatest ______ separation of ANY tooth
Only tooth with 2 _______.
M-D crown
F-L
OC crown
Root (14 mm)
MD root
Facial Development Grooves
Mand 2M: Characteristic Crown Prominence on the ____
____ shaped occlusal groove pattern
Cusp lengths are ______
Distal Proximal contact is ______
MF
+
Equal in size
Centered
Mand 3M: Smallest ____ dimension of Any Mand Tooth
Crown more ______ than any other Mand Tooth
More _____ root inclination than any other Mand Tooth
Shortest ____ of ANY Mand teeth
Multiple _____ ridges and grooves
OC
Bulbous
Distal
Root(s)
Supplemental
What is the widest tooth mesio-distally?
Mand 1M
What is the widest Primary tooth mesiodistally?
Mand 2M
What is the widest Anterior tooth mesiodistally?
Max CI
What is the widest tooth Faciolingually?
Max 1M
What is the widest Primary tooth Faciolingually?
Max 2M
What is the only tooth with a pulp chamber wider mesiodistally than faciolingually?
Max CI
What 3 teeth measure wider Lingually than Facially?
Primary Max 2M
Permanent Max 1M
3-cusp Mand 2PM
What are the longest teeth from cusp to root tip?
(2)
How long are they?
Max canine
Mand canine
27.0 mm
What tooth has the longest root? (mm)
Max canine (17 mm)
What teeth have the longest crown IncisoGingivally?
Mand Canine (11.0 mm)
Max CI (10.5 mm)
Max Canine (10.0 mm)
Other than the 3rd Molars, what is the most common permanent tooth to have anomalies?
Max LI’s
What are 5 anomalies seen in Max LI’s?
Dens in Dente
Congenitally missing
Microdontia
Peg lateral
Supernumerary
What is the most common Supernumerary tooth?
Mesiodens (btwn Max CI’s)
What is the most likely Premolar to be congenitally missing?
Mand 2PM
What is the most common tooth to be congenitally missing or malformed?
3rd Molars
What is the tooth with the smallest anatomical crown?
Mand CI
What Anterior tooth has the most symmetrical anatomical crown?
Mand CI
What Posterior tooth has the most symmetrical anatomical crown?
Max 2PM
What tooth has the narrowest Mesiodistal measurement?
Mand CI
What tooth has the best developed lingual anatomy?
Max LI
What is the only tooth with a linguogingival groove?
Max LI
What is the only tooth with a Mesiolingual groove?
Mand 1PM
What is the only tooth with a Mesial Marginal Developmental Groove?
Max 1PM
The smallest Facial and Lingual embrasures in the mouth is where?
between the Mand CI’s
When the cementum of 2 proximal teeth is fused together, it is called _______.
It is usually associated with what teeth?
Concrescence
2nd and 3rd Molars (also Anteriors)
What 3 teeth are most often impacted?
starting with the most common
3rd Molars
Max canines
Mand 2PM
What bone makes up the Mandibular Fossa that houses the TM Joint?
Temporal Bone
The Superior Synovial Cavity is involved in TMJ ______, while the Inferior is involved in ______.
Translation
Rotation
The Articular Disc of the TMJ is made up of _____ Connective Tissue, has no collateral ligaments, innervation, or vascularization.
Fibrous
The TMJ is highly innervated and vascular, loading is painful, and _____ can cause inflammation
Trauma
Maximum Intercuspation, aka
Centric Occlusion
Maximum Intercuspation is habitual centric and describes an _________ relationship
Occlusal
When the teeth are contacting in a position the pt finds the most comfortable, this is what?
Maximum Intercuspation
What jaw position is easily achievable, but not always reproducible by the pt?
Maximum Intercuspation
Centric Relation describes a ______ position
Condylar
What is the condylar position in Centric Relation?
Superior and Anterior
In Centric Relation, the Condyles are on a _____ portion of the disc
Thin
What position describes the most stable position of the Condyle?
Centric Relation
*superior/anterior position w/ disc properly interposed (thin section)
In Ideal Occlusion ________ and ______ occur simultaneously
Maximum Intercuspation
Centric Occlusion
All teeth contact simultaneously, All occlusal forces are longitudinal, there is no crossover
Describes?
Ideal Occlusion
In Ideal Occlusion, during crossover, guidance is smoothly transferred to the _______.
_______ contacts dominate
Eccentric movements are _______ guided
Incisors
Posterior
Anterior
In Ideal Occlusion, what doesn’t occur on Posterior Teeth?
Cross-over contacts
What are the 4 Muscles of Mastication?
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
What is the least likely muscle of mastication to be palpated by a clinician?
Lateral Pterygoid
If the Lateral Pterygoid is damaged, what side will the Mandible deviate to?
Same Side
What 3 muscles are involved in Normal Closure of the Mandible?
Temporalis (anterior fibers)
Medial Pterygoid
Masseter
What muscles have to relax in the Elevation (closure) of the Mandible?
What muscle of mastication plays no part?
Suprahyoids
Inferior belly - Lateral Pterygoid
What muscle primarily contracts in the Maximum Opening Position of the Mandible?
Lateral Pterygoid - Inferior Belly
In the Maximum Opening Position, where does the Mandibular Condyle stop?
Terminus of the Articular Eminence
In Max Opening Position, the _______ moves with the Condyle
Articular Disc
In Angle’s Class I Occlusion (neutrocclusion), the ______ cusp of the Max 1M occludes with the _______ of the ________.
Mesiolingual
Central fossa
Mand 1M
In Angle’s Class I Occlusion, the _____ cusp of the Max 1M occludes with the_____ Groove of the _______.
Mesiofacial
Mesiofacial
Mand 1M
In Angle’s Class I Occlusion, the Cusp Tip of the Max Canine articulates with what?
Facial Embrasure between Mand Canine and Mand 1PM
Define Border Movements in the Saggital Plane: CR:
MI:
E-T-E:
MP:
MOA:
MO:
HA-MO:
HAT:
HA:
RP:
CL:
Centric Relation
Maximum Intercuspation
Edge to Edge Incisal
Maximum Protrusion Point
Maximum Opening Arc
Maximum Opening Point
Hinge Axis to Maximum Opening
Hinge Axis Terminating Point
Hinge Axis Arc
Rest Position (Postural/Position of Mandible)
Chewing Loop
When the Lateral Translation movement occurs BEFORE the condyle translates from the fossa:
Immediate Sideshift
The Lateral Translation of the condyle in a downward, forward, and inward (medial) direction:
Progressive Sideshift
The more severe the Immediate Sideshift, the ______ the Posterior Cusps and the ______ the Fossae/Grooves
Shorter
Wider
Immediate Sideshift + Progressive Sideshift =
Bennett Movement
Border Movement in the Frontal Plane: MI:
ELL:
MO:
CL:
RP:
ERL:
Maximum Intercuspation
Extreme Left Lateral
Maximum Opening
Chewing Loop
Rest Position
Extreme Right Lateral
In Vertical Determinants of Occlusion, the Condylar Guidance Angle is ______ and the Anterior Guidance is ______.
Fixed
Variable
With Vertical Determinants of Occlusion, the Nearness of the cusp to the Controlling Factors is ______
The Plane of Occlusion is _______
The Curve of Spee is ______.
The Mandibular Lateral Translation aka Bennet Movement is _______.
variable
variable
variable
fixed
The timing of MLT (mediolateral Translation) with Vertical Determinants of Occlusion is determined by _____ and _____ and is _____
Immediate Sideshift (Bennet shift)
Progressive Sideshift
Fixed
The Non-Working condyle moves ________
The Working condyle moves ________
Mediotrusive
Laterotrusive
The medial wall of the non-working (mediotrusive) condyle can affect _____ of the Maxillary _______
And can affect the Mandibular _______ on the ______ side
Height, Lingual cusps
Facial cusps, Non-working (same side)
In a lateral movement, the working-side (laterotrusive) cusps are affected by what on the working side?
Canine rise
The nearer the tooth to the TMJ, the more the joint anatomy influences the _______ movement
Eccentric
The nearer a specific tooth is to the Anterior teeth, the ______ of the anterior teeth influence its eccentric movement
Anatomy
The width of fossae and the direction of grooves are _________ considerations of occlusal morphology
Horizontal
The depth of fossae and the height of cusps are ______ considerations of occlusal morphology
Vertical
The occlusal forces placed on Posterior Teeth are best distributed in ________
Maximum Intercuspation
As the plane of occlusion approaches parallel with the Articular Eminence, the ______ the Posterior Cusps will need to be in order to avoid collision
Shorter
A steep condylar guidance angle will allow for _____ cusps
Taller
The more acute the Curve of Spee, the ______the cusps will need to be to avoid collisions
shorter
The greater the distance between the orbiting condyle and the medial wall, the _____ the amount of immediate sideshift
Greater
The greater the amount of immediate sideshift, the _____ the cusps will need to be
the ____ the grooves will need to be
Shorter
Wider
The Location of Non-Working Side (Mediotrusive) Interferences: are the ______ inclines of the Maxillary Posterior ______ cusps
the ______ inclines of the Mandibular posterior _____ cusps
Facial, Lingual
Lingual, Facial
Location of Non-Working Side (Mediotrusive) Interfereneces: are Parallel to the ______ on the Max 1M
are Parallel to the ______ on the Mand 1M
Distal Oblique Groove
Distofacial Developmental Groove
Location of Working Side (Laterotrusive) Interferences: are the ______ inclines of the Maxillary Posterior _____ and ______cusps
Lingual
Facial and Lingual cusps
Location of the Working Side (Laterotrusive) Interferences : are the ______ inclines of the Mandibular Posterior ____ and _____ cusps.
Facial
Facial and Lingual cusps
Location of Protrusive Interferences: _____ ridges of the Mandibular Posterior Teeth
_______ ridges of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth
Distal Marginal
Mesial Marginal `
In Lateral Displacement of the Mandible, due to Occlusal Prematurities, _________ contacts will display Medial and Lateral Pterygoid contracture on the OPPOSITE side.
What 2 muscles are contracting on the Same Side as the Interference?
“A” and “C”
Masseter, Posterior/Middle Temporalis
In Lateral Diplacement of the Mandible, du to Occlusal Prematurities, ______ contacts will display Medial and Lateral Pterygoid contracture on the SAME side.
What 2 muscles are contracting on the Opposite Side as the Interference?
“B”
Masseter, Posterior/Middle Temporalis
A deviation in position of form of the tissues within the capsular apparatus of the TMJ, essentially giving rise to an abnormal relationship of the articular disc to the condyl, mandibular fossa and/or articular eminence:
Internal Derangement
Problems and clinical conditions associated with the TMJ that are contained within the capsular apparatus (the immediate joint tissues):
Intracapsular TMD
TMD = temperomandibular disorders
Problems and clinical conditions associated with the TMJ that are Outside the joint (muscles of mastication/ligaments):
Extracapsular TMD
TMD = temperomandibular disorders
Various common and painful states defined by the presence of trigger points within the affected muscle(s)
*common source of pain in the lower back, neck, shoulder, chest, and ribs
Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome
Dislocation/Displacement of the Articular Disc:
*either anterior or posterior to head of condyle
Articular Disc Displacement
Popping from Articular Disc, a forceful “jumping back” or “snapping” over the head of the condyle, usually occuring during early opening or late closing:
Reciprocal Clicking
Internal derangement of the TMJ - dislocated anteriorly and medially to condyle:
*Unable to recede posteriorly onto the head of the condyle
Closed Lock
The determination of one or two or more conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting their historical and clinical findings:
Differential Diagnosis
