Boards - Dental Anatomy Compendium Flashcards by Tim Agee

Primary dentition quadrant formula

Permanent dentition quadrant formula

i 2/2 c 1/1 m 2/2

I 2/2 C 1/1 P 2/2 M 3/3

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Contact areas for Maxillary Anterior teeth:

Mandibular Anterior teeth:

IJ JM JM

II II IM

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Generally, the proximal contact area of all Posterior Teeth is located where?

The _______ contact is more occlusally positioned.

The contacts are ______ shaped and are slightly wider in a ______ dimension.

Middle 1/3 occlusocervically

mesial

ovoid, faciolingual

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What are the 2 exceptions the the Generalities of Proximal contacts of Posterior teeth?

Mand 1 PM - mesial contact cervical to distal

Molars (Max and Mand) mesial contact = J

*J - junction occlusal and middle 1/3

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Contact areas for Max Posterior teeth:

Contact areas for Mand Posterior teeth:

MM MM JM JM JM

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All teeth have proximal contact in the middle 1/3 faciolingually, with the exception of ______ teeth, which are located more facially.

Posterior

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The Facial Heights of Contour are generally at the _______ of the crown.

What teeth have Facial Heights of Contour a little more occlusally (junction of Cervical and Middle 1/3)?

Cervical 1/3

Mandibular Molars

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Facial Heights of Contour, aka…

Cervical Ridges

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On what teeth are Facial Heights of Contour (cervical ridges) most prominent?

Where are they least prominent?

Mandibular Posterior

Mandibular Anterior

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Anterior teeth have Cervical Ridges on both facial and lingual sides located where?

Cervical 1/3 all around

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Posterior teeth have lingual Heights of Contour located where?

Exception? Where?

Middle 1/3

Mand 2 PM - Occlusal 1/3

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The CEJ, aka cervical line goes ______ proximally

incisal/occlusal

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The CEJ dips more on the ______ teeth

Dips more on what proximal surface?

Dips more on the Max or Mand teeth?

Mesial

Maxillary

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The most severe curvature of the CEJ is seen where?

The lease curvature?

Mesial Max CI’s

Distal Mand 3M

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4 Embrasures around every tooth:

Occlusal

Gingival

Lingual

Facial

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Generally, the facial/lingual embrasure is larger on permanent teeth.

Lingual

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What are the 3 exceptions to Lingual embrasures being larger?

Max 1M

Mand 2 PM - 3 cusp variety

Mand CI’s - facial/lingual equal

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List Incisal Embrasures largest to smallest: (6)

Max LI and Canine

Mand LI and Canine

Max CI and LI

Max CI’s

Mand CI and LI

Mand CI’s

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Where is the largest Occlusal Embrasure?

Max Canine and 1st PM

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When is the 1st evidence of in utero calcification?

When is the calcification of Crowns complete?

2nd Trimester/14 weeks

11 months (Max 2M)

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_______ teeth usually erupt before their counterparts

*both primary and permanent

Mandibular

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What are the 1st teeth to erupt?

What are the last?

Mand CI’s (10 months)

Max 2M (29 months)

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When do all the roots complete formation?

What is the last to complete?

39 months

Max canines

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What are the 1st permanent teeth that initiate calcification?

When does this occur?

1st Molars

After birth

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Mandibular teeth usually erupt before Maxillary with what exception?

Max 2 PM *erupt same/before Mand 1 PM

What are the 1st permanent teeth to erupt? When does this occur?

1st Molars 6 years *mixed dentition

What are the 1st succedaneous permanent teeth to erupt? When?

Mand CI's 6-7 yrs

What are the last succedaneous permanent teeth to erupt?

Max canines

What are the last teeth to initiate calcification, complete crown formation, and erupt? When does the initiation of calcification begin?

3rd Molars 9 yrs

From the facial/lingual view, all teeth are what shape?

Trapezoidal *short side gingival

From the Proximal view, the Anterior teeth are what shape? The Max posterior? The Mand posterior?

Triangular Trapezoidal (short side occlusal) Rhomboidal

If the Maxillary incisor is bisected over the long axis of the tooth where is the icisal edge?

Centered

If the Canine is bisected along its long axis (mesiodistal line), the cusp tip is located where? *Where is it never?

Centered or facial *Never lingual

If the Mandibular Incisors are bisected along the long axis of the tooth, where is the incisal edge? Mandibular Canines?

Lingual Lingual

Teeth with one facial cusp (canine, PM's), what cusp ridge is generally shorter? What are the 2 exceptions?

Mesial Max 1 PM / Primary Max Canine

The crowns of teeth tend to get shorter from the ______ to the ______

Canine 3rd Molar

All teeth develop from ___ lobes. What are the 3 exceptions?

4 Max 1M, Mand 1M, 3-cusp Mand 2PM *5 lobe exceptions

T/F Generally, the mesial portion of a tooth is better developed and measures more occlusocervically as well as cervicoapically than does the distal portion

True

When comparing within tooth classifications (molars, premolars, etc), the more _____ the tooth, the more likely supplemental (tertiary) anatomy is present

Posterior (distal)

Where is the largest cusp on the Molars? Where is that on the Maxillaries? Mandibular?

Mesial supporting cusp ML MF

The roots of all teeth are inclined _______

distally

If a single root has 2 canals, where will they be oriented?

Facial Lingual

Teeth erupt as many pulp horns as there are _____

cusps

What Molar Roots have more than 1 canal and where are they located? (5 of them)

Max 1M (MF root) Mand 1M (M root) Mand 1M (D root 31.6%) Mand 2M (M root) Mand 2M (D root 14.9%)

T/F | Maxillary anterior teeth have multiple canals

False *Max do NOT have multiple canals

What are the 3 Anterior Roots with tendencies for more than 1 canal? (list most to least likely) Additionally, what do all these teeth have?

Mand canine Mand LI Mand CI ***all have M & D root depressions

Describe the canals/roots of the Max PM's

1st: ALWAYS 2 canals, usually 2 roots (F & L) 2nd: Variant (can have 2 canals, occasionally 2 roots)

What PM is most likely to have one root and one canal?

Mand 2nd

What is the only tooth that has a pulp wider mesiodisally than faciolingually?

Max CI

What shape are the Max CI's and LI's when viewed incisally in cross section?

Triangular *taper faciolingually

Max CI: M-D crown dimension... M curvature of cervical line toward incisal... Incisal ridge _____ faciolingually

greatest of Anterior teeth greatest of ANY tooth centered

Max LI: M-D crown dimension... Tooth with most developmental ______ Most ____ located contact area of any incisor M-D and F-L dimensions _____ than any other anterior tooth Incisor Ridge ______ faciolingually

smallest of any Maxillary tooth anomalies cervically closer centered

Mand CI: crown dimensions... Crown is: Proximoincisal line angles... What tooth has similar Proximoincisal line angle? Proximal contact areas are where? Incisal edge ______ to faciolingual bisector (all Mand Ant)

smallest of ANY tooth bilaterally symmetric sharpest of any tooth MI line angle Max LI Both Incisal 1/3 (I) Lingual

What are 3 unique characteristics shared between Mand CI and LI?

Fewest facial developments/features smoothest lingual surface contours least developed cingulum

Mand LI: describe Crown: MI or DI is sharper?

Twisted on root MI

Max Canine: Tied in tooth length with what? Longest what of any tooth? Greatest ______ dimensions of any Anterior tooth Has a bulge where? Cusp tip is centered and never _______ Greatest _______ and _______ prominences of any Anterior tooth Distal contact area _______ FL and CI

Mand Canine Root length Facio-Lingual Distally Lingual Cervical, Facial ridge prominences Centered

Mand Canine: Tied for longest tooth length with what? Longest what of any Mandibular tooth? Longest what of ANY tooth? What side aligned straight? Facial crown and root what shape from the proximal? Cusp tip/incisal edge is to what side of the F-L bisector? ML and DL fossae borders the lingual ridge and the the ______ cervically

Max Canine Root length I-C crown length Mesial crown/root C shaped Lingual (like all Mand Anteriors) Cingulum

Max 1 PM: Only PM with ____ ridge longer *on facial cusp Mesial Marginal Ridge has what? Crown concavity where? Root depression where? L cusp ___ mm shorter than F cusp Deep _____ developmental groove

Mesial Developmental Groove Mesial Mesial 1.0mm Central

Max 2 PM: More ______ than any other posterior tooth Cusp heights are closer than any other _____ M and D fossae are very ______ (more than any other posterior tooth)

Bilaterally symmetrical PM close

Mand 1 PM: Only tooth that has what developmental groove? Smallest Posterior tooth in what dimension? FL and MD dimensions closer than any other Mand tooth, hence _____ shaped Which proximal contact is more cervical? From Lingual aspect can see _____ occlusal surface Mesial marginal ridge sloped lingually ____ degrees and is cervical to Distal marginal ridge L cusp is small and ______

ML groove F-L Diamond Mesial Sloped 45 degrees non-functional (like cingulum)

Mand 2 PM: Two varieties: 3 cusp os the only PM with multiple cusps, develops from how many lobes? 3-cusp only PM with a lingual _____ 3-cusp only PM with a central _____ 3-cusp, along with Max 1M, only tooth crown does NOT taper_______ 3-cusp PM Lingual height of contour where? 3-cusp PM most likely PM to be ______ missing

2 cusp U/H, 3 cusp Y 5 lobes groove fossa Faciolingually (tapers facially) Occlusal 1/3 Congenitally

Max 1M: Along with the Mand 2PM, the only tooth with what characteristic? What augments the ML cusp? Like all Max Molars, has what feature on the occlusal? Like all Max Molar, 3 Primary cusp triangles: Distal contact area is ________

Tapers facially (MD lingual greater than MD facial) Cusp of Carabelli Oblique Ridge MF, DF, ML Centered

Max 2M: How many cusps? Which cusp is small? Dital contact area is ______ Like all Max Molars, has what feature on the occlusal?

4 Primary, rarely a 5th DL Centered Oblique Ridge

Max 3M: What dimension is smallest of any tooth? Shortest ____ of any Max tooth The distal inclination is ______ of any Max tooth Primary Cusp Triangle is present (heart shaped) of has a vestige of a _____ cusp (talon) Multiple ______ ridges and grooves Like all Max Molars, what feature on the occlusal?

OC crown length Root(s) Greatest DL supplemental Oblique Ridge

Mand 1M: Largest _____ dimension of ANY tooth (11 mm) Largest _____ dimension of any Mand tooth (10.5 mm) Largest ______ dimension of any Mand Molar: Longest ______ length of ANY MOLAR: Greatest ______ separation of ANY tooth Only tooth with 2 _______.

M-D crown F-L OC crown Root (14 mm) MD root Facial Development Grooves

Mand 2M: Characteristic Crown Prominence on the ____ ____ shaped occlusal groove pattern Cusp lengths are ______ Distal Proximal contact is ______

MF + Equal in size Centered

Mand 3M: Smallest ____ dimension of Any Mand Tooth Crown more ______ than any other Mand Tooth More _____ root inclination than any other Mand Tooth Shortest ____ of ANY Mand teeth Multiple _____ ridges and grooves

OC Bulbous Distal Root(s) Supplemental

What is the widest tooth mesio-distally?

Mand 1M

What is the widest Primary tooth mesiodistally?

Mand 2M

What is the widest Anterior tooth mesiodistally?

Max CI

What is the widest tooth Faciolingually?

Max 1M

What is the widest Primary tooth Faciolingually?

Max 2M

What is the only tooth with a pulp chamber wider mesiodistally than faciolingually?

Max CI

What 3 teeth measure wider Lingually than Facially?

Primary Max 2M Permanent Max 1M 3-cusp Mand 2PM

What are the longest teeth from cusp to root tip? (2) How long are they?

Max canine Mand canine 27.0 mm

What tooth has the longest root? (mm)

Max canine (17 mm)

What teeth have the longest crown IncisoGingivally?

Mand Canine (11.0 mm) Max CI (10.5 mm) Max Canine (10.0 mm)

Other than the 3rd Molars, what is the most common permanent tooth to have anomalies?

Max LI's

What are 5 anomalies seen in Max LI's?

Dens in Dente Congenitally missing Microdontia Peg lateral Supernumerary

What is the most common Supernumerary tooth?

Mesiodens (btwn Max CI's)

What is the most likely Premolar to be congenitally missing?

Mand 2PM

What is the most common tooth to be congenitally missing or malformed?

3rd Molars

What is the tooth with the smallest anatomical crown?

Mand CI

What Anterior tooth has the most symmetrical anatomical crown?

Mand CI

What Posterior tooth has the most symmetrical anatomical crown?

Max 2PM

What tooth has the narrowest Mesiodistal measurement?

Mand CI

What tooth has the best developed lingual anatomy?

Max LI

What is the only tooth with a linguogingival groove?

Max LI

What is the only tooth with a Mesiolingual groove?

Mand 1PM

What is the only tooth with a Mesial Marginal Developmental Groove?

Max 1PM

The smallest Facial and Lingual embrasures in the mouth is where?

between the Mand CI's

When the cementum of 2 proximal teeth is fused together, it is called _______. It is usually associated with what teeth?

Concrescence 2nd and 3rd Molars (also Anteriors)

What 3 teeth are most often impacted? | starting with the most common

3rd Molars Max canines Mand 2PM

What bone makes up the Mandibular Fossa that houses the TM Joint?

Temporal Bone

The Superior Synovial Cavity is involved in TMJ ______, while the Inferior is involved in ______.

Translation Rotation

The Articular Disc of the TMJ is made up of _____ Connective Tissue, has no collateral ligaments, innervation, or vascularization.

Fibrous

The TMJ is highly innervated and vascular, loading is painful, and _____ can cause inflammation

Trauma

Maximum Intercuspation, aka

Centric Occlusion

Maximum Intercuspation is habitual centric and describes an _________ relationship

Occlusal

When the teeth are contacting in a position the pt finds the most comfortable, this is what?

Maximum Intercuspation

What jaw position is easily achievable, but not always reproducible by the pt?

Maximum Intercuspation

Centric Relation describes a ______ position

Condylar

What is the condylar position in Centric Relation?

Superior and Anterior

In Centric Relation, the Condyles are on a _____ portion of the disc

Thin

What position describes the most stable position of the Condyle?

Centric Relation *superior/anterior position w/ disc properly interposed (thin section)

In Ideal Occlusion ________ and ______ occur simultaneously

Maximum Intercuspation Centric Occlusion

All teeth contact simultaneously, All occlusal forces are longitudinal, there is no crossover Describes?

Ideal Occlusion

In Ideal Occlusion, during crossover, guidance is smoothly transferred to the _______. _______ contacts dominate Eccentric movements are _______ guided

Incisors Posterior Anterior

In Ideal Occlusion, what doesn't occur on Posterior Teeth?

Cross-over contacts

What are the 4 Muscles of Mastication?

Temporalis Masseter Medial Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid

What is the least likely muscle of mastication to be palpated by a clinician?

Lateral Pterygoid

If the Lateral Pterygoid is damaged, what side will the Mandible deviate to?

Same Side

What 3 muscles are involved in Normal Closure of the Mandible?

Temporalis (anterior fibers) Medial Pterygoid Masseter

What muscles have to relax in the Elevation (closure) of the Mandible? What muscle of mastication plays no part?

Suprahyoids Inferior belly - Lateral Pterygoid

What muscle primarily contracts in the Maximum Opening Position of the Mandible?

Lateral Pterygoid - Inferior Belly

In the Maximum Opening Position, where does the Mandibular Condyle stop?

Terminus of the Articular Eminence

In Max Opening Position, the _______ moves with the Condyle

Articular Disc

In Angle's Class I Occlusion (neutrocclusion), the ______ cusp of the Max 1M occludes with the _______ of the ________.

Mesiolingual Central fossa Mand 1M

In Angle's Class I Occlusion, the _____ cusp of the Max 1M occludes with the_____ Groove of the _______.

Mesiofacial Mesiofacial Mand 1M

In Angle's Class I Occlusion, the Cusp Tip of the Max Canine articulates with what?

Facial Embrasure between Mand Canine and Mand 1PM

# Define Border Movements in the Saggital Plane: CR: MI: E-T-E: MP: MOA: MO: HA-MO: HAT: HA: RP: CL:

Centric Relation Maximum Intercuspation Edge to Edge Incisal Maximum Protrusion Point Maximum Opening Arc Maximum Opening Point Hinge Axis to Maximum Opening Hinge Axis Terminating Point Hinge Axis Arc Rest Position (Postural/Position of Mandible) Chewing Loop

When the Lateral Translation movement occurs BEFORE the condyle translates from the fossa:

Immediate Sideshift

The Lateral Translation of the condyle in a downward, forward, and inward (medial) direction:

Progressive Sideshift

The more severe the Immediate Sideshift, the ______ the Posterior Cusps and the ______ the Fossae/Grooves

Shorter Wider

Immediate Sideshift + Progressive Sideshift =

Bennett Movement

Border Movement in the Frontal Plane: MI: ELL: MO: CL: RP: ERL:

Maximum Intercuspation Extreme Left Lateral Maximum Opening Chewing Loop Rest Position Extreme Right Lateral

In Vertical Determinants of Occlusion, the Condylar Guidance Angle is ______ and the Anterior Guidance is ______.

Fixed Variable

With Vertical Determinants of Occlusion, the Nearness of the cusp to the Controlling Factors is ______ The Plane of Occlusion is _______ The Curve of Spee is ______. The Mandibular Lateral Translation aka Bennet Movement is _______.

variable variable variable fixed

The timing of MLT (mediolateral Translation) with Vertical Determinants of Occlusion is determined by _____ and _____ and is _____

Immediate Sideshift (Bennet shift) Progressive Sideshift Fixed

The Non-Working condyle moves ________ The Working condyle moves ________

Mediotrusive Laterotrusive

The medial wall of the non-working (mediotrusive) condyle can affect _____ of the Maxillary _______ And can affect the Mandibular _______ on the ______ side

Height, Lingual cusps Facial cusps, Non-working (same side)

In a lateral movement, the working-side (laterotrusive) cusps are affected by what on the working side?

Canine rise

The nearer the tooth to the TMJ, the more the joint anatomy influences the _______ movement

Eccentric

The nearer a specific tooth is to the Anterior teeth, the ______ of the anterior teeth influence its eccentric movement

Anatomy

The width of fossae and the direction of grooves are _________ considerations of occlusal morphology

Horizontal

The depth of fossae and the height of cusps are ______ considerations of occlusal morphology

Vertical

The occlusal forces placed on Posterior Teeth are best distributed in ________

Maximum Intercuspation

As the plane of occlusion approaches parallel with the Articular Eminence, the ______ the Posterior Cusps will need to be in order to avoid collision

Shorter

A steep condylar guidance angle will allow for _____ cusps

Taller

The more acute the Curve of Spee, the ______the cusps will need to be to avoid collisions

shorter

The greater the distance between the orbiting condyle and the medial wall, the _____ the amount of immediate sideshift

Greater

The greater the amount of immediate sideshift, the _____ the cusps will need to be the ____ the grooves will need to be

Shorter Wider

The Location of Non-Working Side (Mediotrusive) Interferences: are the ______ inclines of the Maxillary Posterior ______ cusps the ______ inclines of the Mandibular posterior _____ cusps

Facial, Lingual Lingual, Facial

Location of Non-Working Side (Mediotrusive) Interfereneces: are Parallel to the ______ on the Max 1M are Parallel to the ______ on the Mand 1M

Distal Oblique Groove Distofacial Developmental Groove

Location of Working Side (Laterotrusive) Interferences: are the ______ inclines of the Maxillary Posterior _____ and ______cusps

Lingual Facial and Lingual cusps

Location of the Working Side (Laterotrusive) Interferences : are the ______ inclines of the Mandibular Posterior ____ and _____ cusps.

Facial Facial and Lingual cusps

Location of Protrusive Interferences: _____ ridges of the Mandibular Posterior Teeth _______ ridges of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth

Distal Marginal Mesial Marginal `

In Lateral Displacement of the Mandible, due to Occlusal Prematurities, _________ contacts will display Medial and Lateral Pterygoid contracture on the OPPOSITE side. What 2 muscles are contracting on the Same Side as the Interference?

"A" and "C" Masseter, Posterior/Middle Temporalis

In Lateral Diplacement of the Mandible, du to Occlusal Prematurities, ______ contacts will display Medial and Lateral Pterygoid contracture on the SAME side. What 2 muscles are contracting on the Opposite Side as the Interference?

"B" Masseter, Posterior/Middle Temporalis

A deviation in position of form of the tissues within the capsular apparatus of the TMJ, essentially giving rise to an abnormal relationship of the articular disc to the condyl, mandibular fossa and/or articular eminence:

Internal Derangement

Problems and clinical conditions associated with the TMJ that are contained within the capsular apparatus (the immediate joint tissues):

Intracapsular TMD TMD = temperomandibular disorders

Problems and clinical conditions associated with the TMJ that are Outside the joint (muscles of mastication/ligaments):

Extracapsular TMD TMD = temperomandibular disorders

Various common and painful states defined by the presence of trigger points within the affected muscle(s) *common source of pain in the lower back, neck, shoulder, chest, and ribs

Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome

Dislocation/Displacement of the Articular Disc: *either anterior or posterior to head of condyle

Articular Disc Displacement

Popping from Articular Disc, a forceful "jumping back" or "snapping" over the head of the condyle, usually occuring during early opening or late closing:

Reciprocal Clicking

Internal derangement of the TMJ - dislocated anteriorly and medially to condyle: *Unable to recede posteriorly onto the head of the condyle

Closed Lock

The determination of one or two or more conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting their historical and clinical findings:

Differential Diagnosis