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Tim's Cards > Histology - 514-4,5,6,7 > Flashcards

Histology - 514-4,5,6,7 Flashcards

1
Q

What does cortical mean?

A

cortex - around the outside

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2
Q

What does the PDL connect?

A

The cementum around the tooth to the alveolar bone

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3
Q

What type of collagen is the PDL composed of?

A

Type I, III, VII

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4
Q

What are the most abundant cells in the PDL?

A

Fibroblasts

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5
Q

The PDL alveolar attachment is equivalent to what structure in bone?

A

Periosteum

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6
Q

What cells form new bone after tooth extraction?

A

PDL fibroblasts > osteoblasts

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7
Q

Do Sharpey’s fibers blend into cementum?

A

Yes

hard to see on slide

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8
Q

What is the term for alveolar bone directly lining a tooth?

A

Bundle Bone

refers to Sharpey’s Fibers

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9
Q

What nerve innervates the PDL?

A

Trigeminal V

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10
Q

What is very tightly related to nerve endings in the PDL?

A

Collagen fibers

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11
Q

What type of fibers are oxytalan and what do they do?

A

Elastic.

Absorptive and keep vasculature open in PDL

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12
Q

Name the 5 principal fiber types of the PDL

A
  1. Alveolar Crest Group
  2. Horizontal Group
  3. Oblique Group
  4. Apical Group
  5. Interradicular Group
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13
Q

What is the additional fiber ligament that connects teeth to bone and has “memory”?

A

Transseptal ligament

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14
Q

Transseptal fibers are part of…

A

The GL (gingival ligament)

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15
Q

Where is the GL found?

A

Above the PDL in lamina propria

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16
Q

What are the five fiber bundles found in the GL?

A

Dentogingival, alveologingival, circular, dentoperiosteal, transseptal

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17
Q

What are the 3 general categories of tooth movement?

A

Preeruptive, eruptive, posteruptive

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18
Q

What are gubernacular canals?

A

cords of fibrous tissue creating a path for eruption.

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19
Q

Why is root formation not a cause of eruption?

A

Think tree

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20
Q

Why does alveolar bone remodeling not explain tooth eruption?

A

only explains how pathway was cleared

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21
Q

What is the best (however incomplete) model for tooth eruption?

A

PDL formation as motive force

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22
Q

What side does most of the resorption of deciduous teeth occur on?

A

Lingual

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23
Q

What side do permanent teeth develop relative to deciduous?

A

Lingual

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24
Q

What happens when a permanent tooth contacts a deciduous tooth from below?

A

Resorption happens at the root end of the deciduous tooth

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25
Q

What prefix is everything tooth?

A

Odonto (as opposed to osteo)

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26
Q

T/F

Odontoclasts are histologically identical to osteoclasts

A

True

27
Q

What are 3 reasons for posteruptive tooth movement?

A

accommodation for growth (age 14-18)
compensation for continued occlusal wear
accommodation for inter proximal wear (mesial drift)

28
Q

What undergoes hyalinization on the compression side of orthodontic tooth movement?

A

hyalinization (loss of cells in the PDL)

29
Q

If forces are too heavy in tooth movement, what occurs?

A

Odontoclast resorption of dentin.

30
Q

Is pressure from erupting permanent tooth necessary for deciduous tooth loss?

A

No, although it does cause resorption on the side being resorbed.

31
Q

Define synostosis

A

Bony joint - immovable, and fused by osseous tissue

think left and right mandible

32
Q

Name four types of joints.

A

Bony
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

33
Q

The left and right mandible are separated by what kind of joint?

A

Synostoses / Bony

34
Q

Name 3 types of fibrous joints.

A

serrate sutures (cranial)
squamous sutures
plane/butt sutures (palate)

35
Q

Attachment of a tooth to its socket is a joint called a,

A

gomphosis

36
Q

example of sydesmosis

A

tibia to fibula (movable and fibrous)

37
Q

Example of synchondrosis

A

hyaline cartilage from sternum to ribs.

38
Q

What is an example of a symphysis (cartilaginous joint)?

A

Pubic symphysis

Intervertebral discs

39
Q

What are the most freely moveable joints?

A

Synovial

40
Q

What articulation makes up the TMJ?

A

mandibular condyle with the mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa) of the temporal bone

41
Q

Is there any cartilage on cartilage action in the TMJ?

A

No - because of articular disk

42
Q

What is articular cartilage composed of?

A

coarse collagen fibers (dense fibrous connective tissue)

43
Q

What is TMJ syndrome caused by?

A

malocclusion, injury, arthritis

44
Q

What is a broad term for joint pain/inflammation?

A

arthritis

45
Q

In which type of arthritis is articular cartilage worn away?

A

osteoarthritis

46
Q

What type of arthritis is an autoimmune response?

A

Rheumatoid

cells attack joint as if it was a pathogen and degrades cartilage

47
Q

Is glucosamine/chondroitin an effective means to treat osteoarthritis?

A

No

48
Q

Why are tendon sheaths in the hands/feet unique?

A

They wrap tendons in synovial fluid.

49
Q

What is a bursa?

A

saclike extension of a joint capsule that lubricates nearby tendons (think shoulder)

50
Q

How many muscles in the human body?

A

About 600

51
Q

What percentage of body heat is produced by muscle activity?

A

85%

52
Q

The _______ blends with tendon to lend more structural integrity.

A

Periosteum

53
Q

The dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds a whole muscle is called…

A

epimysium

54
Q

What heavier connective tissue does the epimysium blend with?

A

The deep fascia

55
Q

What connective tissue surrounds fascicles of muscle cells?

A

perimysium

56
Q

What connective tissue surrounds a muscle cell?

A

Endomysium

57
Q

Are sharpey’s fibers stronger than tendon?

A

Yes.

Stress tears tendon before pulling tendon from muscle or bone.

58
Q

What are the flat, sheet-like tendons under the palm (and scalp and foot)?

A

aponeuroses

59
Q

Give examples of fusiform, convergent, and parallel muscles.

A

bicep, pecs, aaaabs (have tendinous intersections)

60
Q

What’s an example of a circular muscle?

A

orbicularis oris

61
Q

What is a fixator muscle?

A

Holds origin in place - such as muscle holding scapula during bicep flexion

62
Q

What neurons activate skeletal muscles?

A

motor neurons

63
Q

What is an afferent sensory neuron?

A

one that propagates signal toward the CNS and brain

64
Q

What are two types of efferent motor neurons

A

Somatic

Autonomic

Tim's Cards (140 decks)

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