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Tim's Cards > Histology - 514-4,5,6,7 > Flashcards

Histology - 514-4,5,6,7 Flashcards

1
Q

What does cortical mean?

A

cortex - around the outside

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2
Q

What does the PDL connect?

A

The cementum around the tooth to the alveolar bone

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3
Q

What type of collagen is the PDL composed of?

A

Type I, III, VII

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4
Q

What are the most abundant cells in the PDL?

A

Fibroblasts

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5
Q

The PDL alveolar attachment is equivalent to what structure in bone?

A

Periosteum

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6
Q

What cells form new bone after tooth extraction?

A

PDL fibroblasts > osteoblasts

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7
Q

Do Sharpey’s fibers blend into cementum?

A

Yes

hard to see on slide

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8
Q

What is the term for alveolar bone directly lining a tooth?

A

Bundle Bone

refers to Sharpey’s Fibers

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9
Q

What nerve innervates the PDL?

A

Trigeminal V

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10
Q

What is very tightly related to nerve endings in the PDL?

A

Collagen fibers

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11
Q

What type of fibers are oxytalan and what do they do?

A

Elastic.

Absorptive and keep vasculature open in PDL

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12
Q

Name the 5 principal fiber types of the PDL

A
  1. Alveolar Crest Group
  2. Horizontal Group
  3. Oblique Group
  4. Apical Group
  5. Interradicular Group
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13
Q

What is the additional fiber ligament that connects teeth to bone and has “memory”?

A

Transseptal ligament

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14
Q

Transseptal fibers are part of…

A

The GL (gingival ligament)

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15
Q

Where is the GL found?

A

Above the PDL in lamina propria

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16
Q

What are the five fiber bundles found in the GL?

A

Dentogingival, alveologingival, circular, dentoperiosteal, transseptal

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17
Q

What are the 3 general categories of tooth movement?

A

Preeruptive, eruptive, posteruptive

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18
Q

What are gubernacular canals?

A

cords of fibrous tissue creating a path for eruption.

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19
Q

Why is root formation not a cause of eruption?

A

Think tree

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20
Q

Why does alveolar bone remodeling not explain tooth eruption?

A

only explains how pathway was cleared

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21
Q

What is the best (however incomplete) model for tooth eruption?

A

PDL formation as motive force

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22
Q

What side does most of the resorption of deciduous teeth occur on?

A

Lingual

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23
Q

What side do permanent teeth develop relative to deciduous?

A

Lingual

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24
Q

What happens when a permanent tooth contacts a deciduous tooth from below?

A

Resorption happens at the root end of the deciduous tooth

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25
What prefix is everything tooth?
Odonto (as opposed to osteo)
26
T/F | Odontoclasts are histologically identical to osteoclasts
True
27
What are 3 reasons for posteruptive tooth movement?
accommodation for growth (age 14-18) compensation for continued occlusal wear accommodation for inter proximal wear (mesial drift)
28
What undergoes hyalinization on the compression side of orthodontic tooth movement?
hyalinization (loss of cells in the PDL)
29
If forces are too heavy in tooth movement, what occurs?
Odontoclast resorption of dentin.
30
Is pressure from erupting permanent tooth necessary for deciduous tooth loss?
No, although it does cause resorption on the side being resorbed.
31
Define synostosis
Bony joint - immovable, and fused by osseous tissue | think left and right mandible
32
Name four types of joints.
Bony Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
33
The left and right mandible are separated by what kind of joint?
Synostoses / Bony
34
Name 3 types of fibrous joints.
serrate sutures (cranial) squamous sutures plane/butt sutures (palate)
35
Attachment of a tooth to its socket is a joint called a,
gomphosis
36
example of sydesmosis
tibia to fibula (movable and fibrous)
37
Example of synchondrosis
hyaline cartilage from sternum to ribs.
38
What is an example of a symphysis (cartilaginous joint)?
Pubic symphysis | Intervertebral discs
39
What are the most freely moveable joints?
Synovial
40
What articulation makes up the TMJ?
mandibular condyle with the mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa) of the temporal bone
41
Is there any cartilage on cartilage action in the TMJ?
No - because of articular disk
42
What is articular cartilage composed of?
coarse collagen fibers (dense fibrous connective tissue)
43
What is TMJ syndrome caused by?
malocclusion, injury, arthritis
44
What is a broad term for joint pain/inflammation?
arthritis
45
In which type of arthritis is articular cartilage worn away?
osteoarthritis
46
What type of arthritis is an autoimmune response?
Rheumatoid | cells attack joint as if it was a pathogen and degrades cartilage
47
Is glucosamine/chondroitin an effective means to treat osteoarthritis?
No
48
Why are tendon sheaths in the hands/feet unique?
They wrap tendons in synovial fluid.
49
What is a bursa?
saclike extension of a joint capsule that lubricates nearby tendons (think shoulder)
50
How many muscles in the human body?
About 600
51
What percentage of body heat is produced by muscle activity?
85%
52
The _______ blends with tendon to lend more structural integrity.
Periosteum
53
The dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds a whole muscle is called...
epimysium
54
What heavier connective tissue does the epimysium blend with?
The deep fascia
55
What connective tissue surrounds fascicles of muscle cells?
perimysium
56
What connective tissue surrounds a muscle cell?
Endomysium
57
Are sharpey's fibers stronger than tendon?
Yes. | Stress tears tendon before pulling tendon from muscle or bone.
58
What are the flat, sheet-like tendons under the palm (and scalp and foot)?
aponeuroses
59
Give examples of fusiform, convergent, and parallel muscles.
bicep, pecs, aaaabs (have tendinous intersections)
60
What's an example of a circular muscle?
orbicularis oris
61
What is a fixator muscle?
Holds origin in place - such as muscle holding scapula during bicep flexion
62
What neurons activate skeletal muscles?
motor neurons
63
What is an afferent sensory neuron?
one that propagates signal toward the CNS and brain
64
What are two types of efferent motor neurons
Somatic | Autonomic

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