Metabolism 2 - Part 1 Flashcards
What is the term for esterified fatty acids?
Triacylglycerol
Name 7 classes of lipids
Sphingolipids Glycolipids Glyceropholspholipids Steroids Triacylglycerol Fatty Acids Vitamins (ADEK)
Name a 2nd messenger lipid
DAG
diacylglycerol
Chains on the hydrocarbon part of fatty acids vary from ____ to ____ in length.
4-36
T/F
A fatty acid is nonpolar
False
carboxyl end is an acid
A molecule (like a fatty acid) that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics is…
Amphipathic
What is the most common Fatty Acid in the body?
How many carbons?
saturation?
Palmitate
16
saturated
Describe the 2 notations counting carbon saturation in fatty acids
From COOH = delta (superscript)
From omega = n-6, etc
Where are the alpha, beta, and omega carbons in a FA chain?
alpha - one away from C1 (the carboxylic Carbon)
beta - two away from C1
omega - the last C
Palmitate is ______
Pamitoleic is ______
Saturated
Unsaturated
Mammalian enzymes cannot make a double bond more than ____ carbons away from the carboxylic end.
9
What is the name of an essential fatty acid required in diet
comes in omega 3 and 6 forms
Linoleic acid
Why do omega 3 and omega 6 pathways compete with each other?
They share the same enzymes
What do essential fatty acids like linoleic acid serve as a precursor for?
Eicosonoids
prostaglandins
What effects do eicosonoids have on the cell?
What is an example (precursor linoleic acid)
hormone-like
Arachidonic acid
What is the difference between a simple and a mixed triacylglycerol?
simple - has same carbon chains
mixed - has different (saturation levels/length) chains
What molecule is at the crossroads between making triacylglycerols and phospholipids?
Phosphatidate
phosphatidic acid
Why are triacylglycerols such a good form of energy storage?
Reduced and Anhydrous
16:0
Palmitic Acid
Name 5 things fatty acids are precursors to?
Glycolipids Phospholipids Sphingolipids Prostaglandins Cholesteryl esters
Short, medium, and long Fatty Acid lengths:
Short - 2-5 C’s
Medium - 6-12 C’s
Long- 12+
Short and unsaturated Fatty Acids tend to be:
Long and saturated Fatty Acids tend to be:
oils
solids
PUFA and MUFA tend to be oils. What do they stand for?
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
monounsaturated fatty acids
Where are trans fats made?
Why bad?
industrial hydrogenation processes
body lacks enzymes to break down
(only breaks cis)