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Lasers 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Giving off different wavelength than absorbed

A

Fluorescence

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2
Q

1st dedicated Laser for dental application

A

Nd-Yag

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3
Q

LASER

A

Light

Amplification

Stimulated

Emission

Radiation

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4
Q

LED, no

A

heat

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5
Q

White light

Laser light

A

everywhere

coherent

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6
Q

Laser light is one

A

color

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7
Q

Monochromatic

collimated

coherent

A

laser

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8
Q

Quantum:

A

photon

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9
Q

photon stimulate atom to emit other photons

A

Einstein

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10
Q

lasers are one color, colliated, and coherent

A

True

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11
Q

Spontaneous emmision

Stimulated emission:

A

no coherency photon randomly released

induced

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12
Q

Spontaneous is random

A

True

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13
Q

A state in which a substance has been energized or excited to SPECIFIC energy levels

*more atoms/higher excited state

A

Population Inversion

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14
Q

Population inversion, aka…

A

pumping

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15
Q

Amplification associated with…

A

population inversion

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16
Q

Radiation: ionizing

non-ionizing

A

enough energy to break away from atom

excitation, not breaking away (lasers)

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17
Q

horizontal distance of measurement

A

wavelength

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18
Q

wavelength measurement

A

microns

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19
Q

height of wave, equivalent to energy

A

amplitude

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20
Q

Amplitude is equivalent to…

A

energy

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21
Q

For a particular laser the horizontal width will always be the same

A

True

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22
Q

shortest wavelengths, highest amplitude

A

gamma

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23
Q

Dental lasers operate where

A

Infrared

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24
Q

Gas or solid

A

active medium

*emits

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25
Pumping mirror
external energy reflection
26
what gives laser generic name?
Active medium
27
Rapidly flashing lamp or electrical current field:
Pumping mechanisms
28
Control panel, delivery system, footswitch
all dental lasers have
29
modes of operation:
continuous pulsed
30
optical fibers, hollow waveguide, articulated arm
delivery
31
pure photon energy has a max effective distance
True *this is bell-shap multi-mode
32
Laser tissue interaction:
reflect absorb transmit scatter
33
transmit in non-ionizing
nothing happens
34
scattering
may cause collateral why use quickly
35
Absorption is dependent on wavelength and tissue composition
True
36
Absorption is
Thermal Chemical Acoustic
37
4 tissues
water hemoglobin melanin HA
38
2 chromophores w/ hard tissue soft tissue 3 chromophorex of sub epi
water enamel Water melanin water, hemoglobin, oxy-Hb
39
absorber of laser energy
chromophore
40
Nd:YAG shouldn't be used with... 40%
implant
41
Mid-IR Erbium 30%
no implnat
42
IR CO2 laser 10% Ti absorption
use with implants
43
photothermal ablation:
activate the tip
44
Coagulation depth is proportional to
absorption depth
45
gigival blood diameter:
21-40 microns
46
Cold steel scalpel:
blood, compression, sutures
47
Erbium lasers:
absorption won't damage whole vessel
48
Diode Laser:
coagulation before cutting * bleeding very controlled * photo coagulation widespread and imprecise
49
CO2 laser:
coeeficinent of absorption equal to... best margin of ablation to coagulation best *cutting and coagulation at same time
50
Near IR Mid IR IR CO2
ineffecient good ablaters/poor coagulation efficiency highly efficient and accurate ablaters/excellent coagulators
51
To achieve hemostasis, tissue temp:
60 C
52
100 C:
anaerobic bacteria *photo thermal lysis
53
excess of 200C
carbonization ***avoid
54
Light energy changed into what upon tissue interaction
Heat
55
unit of energy unit of power pulses per second change from solid to vapor
joule watt hertz ablation
56
Lasers used in diagnostics
True
57
Near IR targets
melanin, Hb
58
Activate tip must be ____ hot
red or white
59
Longer wavelength is of the _____ or _____family chromophore targets:
Erbium, CO2 water
60
Long wavelengths cause what?
vaporization
61
Hard tissue cutting causes ______ and mineral to be ejected
Expansion *not a smooth cut
62
optimal effects occur with energy apsorption by:
target tissue
63
Work Energy Power Avg power Pulse duration Hertz
tissue effect ability to perform work work/time sustained over time emission pulses/sec
64
avg power peak power beam diameter energy density
free running energy/pulse duration smaller beam, more powerful
65
Carbon dioxide can go continuous or
superpulsed
66
Energy distribution w/ more electrons in higher energy state than lower one
Population inversion
67
ANSI classificaiton:
higher, greater hazard potential
68
Engineering administrative and porcedural
Laser control measures
69
primary responsibility
operator
70
don't look into a laser!!!
true
71
Open beam, so eye protection, control, etc
True
72
Laser recognition lights
should have in office
73
Class 1 - 4 lasers
1 safest 4 eye hazard
74
Class IIIA lasers can damage eye
true, but not in a short time
75
laser pointers
eye injury if look into it for a minute or so
76
Class IIIB laser,
eye damage if look directly *no hazardous diffuse reflections
77
Class IV lasers
light scalpel, etc can Damage Hazardous diffuse
78
High power lasers:
Class IV
79
Don't use alcohol when using a laser
True
80
Eyes, skin are tissues at risk
True
81
MPE
Max Permissible Exposure
82
Cross check that you and your pts glasses are appropriate
True
83
Ablation produces what?
Plume *protect with mask
84
NItrous can be used with Lasers Never work with Pure Oxygen (pt on medical)
True True
85
Test fire the laser prior to Pt sitting down Always test with lowest power setting
True True
86
tip size goes down by 2, increase power by
4

Tim's Cards (140 decks)

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